Shloka 31

यदिच्छसि शिरश्नलास्य असिना हन्तुमाहवे | तथा कृच्छूगतं चैव सात्यकिं क: क्षमिष्यति,इसलिये तुम युद्धस्थलमें तलवारसे उसका सिर काट लेना चाहते थे। सात्यकिको वैसे संकटमें देखकर मेरे पक्षका कौन वीर सहन करेगा?

yad icchasi śiraś chindituṁ asiṇā hantum āhave | tathā kṛcchragataṁ caiva sātyakiṁ kaḥ kṣamiṣyati ||

Arjuna said: “If you truly wished to strike him down in battle with your sword and sever his head, then who among our warriors could bear to see Sātyaki brought into such peril? Seeing him in distress would be intolerable for our side.”

यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
इच्छसिyou desire / you wish
इच्छसि:
TypeVerb
Rootइष् (इच्छ्)
FormLat (present indicative), 2, singular, Parasmaipada
शिरःhead
शिरः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस्
Formneuter, accusative, singular
नलस्यof Nala
नलस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootनल
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
असिनाwith a sword
असिना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअसि
Formmasculine, instrumental, singular
हन्तुम्to kill / to strike down
हन्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
Formtumun (infinitive)
आहवेin battle
आहवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआहव
Formmasculine, locative, singular
तथाthus / in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
कृच्छ्र-उगतम्fallen into distress / come to hardship
कृच्छ्र-उगतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकृच्छ्र + उगत (गम्)
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed / just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सात्यकिम्Satyaki (as object)
सात्यकिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसात्यकि
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
कःwho?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
क्षमिष्यतिwill endure / will tolerate
क्षमिष्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootक्षम्
FormLrt (simple future), 3, singular, Parasmaipada

अर्जुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
S
Sātyaki
S
sword

Educational Q&A

Even amid righteous warfare, a warrior’s duty is shaped by responsibility toward allies: Arjuna frames the issue not as personal vengeance but as the moral and emotional impossibility of abandoning or calmly witnessing a comrade (Sātyaki) in extreme danger.

Arjuna addresses a battlefield decision: he refers to the intention to behead an opponent with a sword, and immediately connects it to the urgent predicament of Sātyaki—implying that the Pāṇḍava side cannot tolerate Sātyaki being trapped in peril and must respond decisively.