Shloka 4

Devanagari script

धृष्टद्युम्नं चेदमाह भीमसेनो महाबल: । विदितं ते महाबाहो यथा द्रोणो महारथ:

Transliteration

dhṛṣṭadyumnaṃ cedam āha bhīmaseno mahābalaḥ | viditaṃ te mahābāho yathā droṇo mahārathaḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Then mighty Bhīmasena spoke these words to Dhṛṣṭadyumna: “O strong-armed one, you already know well what kind of great chariot-warrior Droṇa is.”

Word by Word

• धृष्टद्युम्नम्: Dhrishtadyumna
• धृष्टद्युम्नम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृष्टद्युम्न
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• इदम्: this (speech/statement)
• इदम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• आह: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: अह्
• Form: Perfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• भीमसेनः: Bhimasena
• भीमसेनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीमसेन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महाबलः: mighty-strong
• महाबलः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महाबल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विदितम्: known
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विदित
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• ते: to you
• ते: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Dative, Singular

• महाबाहो: O mighty-armed one
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाबाहु
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• यथा: how; as
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• द्रोणः: Drona
• द्रोणः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोण
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• महारथः: great chariot-warrior
• महारथः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Bhīmasena (Bhīma)
• Dhṛṣṭadyumna
• Droṇa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse emphasizes clear-eyed recognition of an opponent’s true capacity—especially when the opponent is a revered teacher—so that action in war is guided by responsibility and realism rather than arrogance or denial.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Bhīma addresses Dhṛṣṭadyumna, reminding him that Droṇa is a formidable mahāratha. It frames the coming tactical and moral challenge of confronting Droṇa on the battlefield.