Shloka 61

योधयामास समरे धृष्टद्युम्नं महारथम्‌ । ते हि वैतस्तिका नाम शरा आसन्नयोधिन:

yodhayāmāsa samare dhṛṣṭadyumnaṁ mahāratham | te hi vaitastikā nāma śarā āsann ayodhinaḥ ||

Sañjaya said: In that battle he engaged Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the great chariot-warrior, in combat. For those arrows—known as ‘Vaitastikā’—were indeed unfailing in fight, pressing the foe with relentless force. The scene underscores how, amid the chaos of war, mastery of weapons and resolve can drive the encounter forward, even as the larger struggle raises grave questions of righteous conduct and the cost of violence.

योधयामासmade (him) fight / engaged in battle
योधयामास:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootयुध् (प्रेरणे/युद्धे) → योधयति
Formलिट् (परस्मैपदम्) — परोक्षभूत/कथन-भूत, प्रथम, एकवचन
समरेin the battle
समरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसमर
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
धृष्टद्युम्नम्Dhrishtadyumna
धृष्टद्युम्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधृष्टद्युम्न (नाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
महारथम्the great chariot-warrior
महारथम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहारथ
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
हिindeed / for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
वैindeed / certainly
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
वैतस्तिकाःVaitastika (named/so-called)
वैतस्तिकाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवैतस्तिक
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
नामby name / called
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम
शराःarrows
शराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशर
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
आसन्were
आसन्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
Formलङ् (परस्मैपदम्), भूत (अनद्यतन), प्रथम, बहुवचन
नयोधिनःnon-fighting / not combatant
नयोधिनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootन + योधिन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna
V
Vaitastikā arrows

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the decisive role of disciplined martial capability in war, while implicitly reminding the listener that such prowess operates within a morally fraught arena where dharma must be weighed against the destructive momentum of battle.

Sañjaya reports that a warrior (implied by context) engages Dhṛṣṭadyumna in direct combat, using a specific, named kind of arrows—Vaitastikā—described as effectively irresistible or unfailing in battle.