Shloka 45

Devanagari script

तमभिद्रुतमालोक्य द्रोणेनामित्रघातिना

Transliteration

tam abhidrutamālokya droṇenāmitraghātinā

Translation

Sañjaya said: Seeing him rushing forward, Drona—the slayer of foes—took note of the oncoming charge.

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अभिद्रुतम्: rushing towards / charging
• अभिद्रुतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अभि-√द्रु (द्रवति)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आलोक्य: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-√लोक्
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund)

• द्रोणेन: by Drona
• द्रोणेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रोण
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• अमित्रघातिना: by the slayer of enemies
• अमित्रघातिना: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अमित्रघातिन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Droṇa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The line highlights a recurring Mahābhārata ethic: in battle, decisive action (a charge) immediately encounters counter-action from an experienced warrior; courage is real, but it does not erase the moral gravity of harm, which the epic continually invites the listener to contemplate.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya narrates that Drona notices someone charging toward him; the verse sets up the next action by emphasizing Drona’s alertness and his reputation as a formidable destroyer of enemies.