Shloka 52

Devanagari script

एवमेते महाराज तावका: पाण्डवै: सह । पर्यवर्तन्त सहिता निशाकाले परंतप,शत्रुओंको संताप देनेवाले महाराज! इस प्रकार रातके समय आपके योद्धा पाण्डवोंके साथ अपने-अपने शिविरमें लौट आये

Transliteration

evam ete mahārāja tāvakāḥ pāṇḍavaiḥ saha | paryavartanta sahitā niśākāle paraṃtapa ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: “O great king, scorcher of foes, thus your warriors, having encountered the Pāṇḍavas, withdrew together in the night and returned each to his own camp.”

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus, in this manner
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• एते: these
• एते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• महाराज: O great king
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाराज
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• तावकाः: your (men), your warriors
• तावकाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तावक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• पाण्डवैः: with the Pandavas
• पाण्डवैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• सह: together with
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह

• पर्यवर्तन्त: returned, turned back
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-आ-वृत्
• Form: Imperfect (Lan), 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada

• सहिताः: together, united
• सहिताः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सहित
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• निशाकाले: at night-time
• निशाकाले: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: निशाकाल
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• परंतप: O scorcher of foes
• Type: Noun
• Root: परंतप
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by address mahārāja/paraṃtapa)
• Kaurava army (tāvakāḥ)
• Pāṇḍavas

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse is primarily narrative, but it implicitly highlights the discipline of armies and the practical ethics of warfare: when night falls, fighting pauses and forces regroup, emphasizing order, restraint, and accountability to command rather than uncontrolled violence.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to the king that the Kaurava troops, after engaging with the Pāṇḍavas, turned back together during the night and returned to their respective encampments.