Shloka 28

Devanagari script

ततः प्रववृते युद्ध व्यतिषक्तरथद्विपम्‌ | पश्चिमां दिशमासाद्य स्थिते सवितरि प्रभो,प्रभो! जब सूर्य पश्चिम दिशामें ढलने लगे, उस समय युद्धका रूप और भी भयंकर हो गया। रथ-से-रथ और हाथी-से-हाथी भिड़ गये

Transliteration

tataḥ pravavṛte yuddhaṃ vyatiṣakta-ratha-dvipam | paścimāṃ diśam āsādya sthite savitari prabho ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Then the battle surged anew, with chariots locked against chariots and elephants entangled with elephants. As the Sun reached the western quarter and began to set, O lord, the fighting grew even more dreadful.

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)

• प्रववृते: arose, commenced
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र√वृत् (वृत्)
• Form: Perfect (Liṭ), 3, Singular, Atmanepada

• युद्धम्: the battle
• युद्धम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: युद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• व्यतिषक्त: intermingled, entangled
• Type: Adjective
• Root: व्यति√सञ्ज्/सक्त (सक्त-प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त)
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• रथ: chariot
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• द्विपम्: elephant
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• पश्चिमाम्: western
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पश्चिम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• दिशम्: direction
• दिशम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिश् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• आसाद्य: having reached/approached
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ√सद्
• Form: Absolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)

• स्थिते: when (he) was set/standing
• स्थिते: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्था (स्थित-प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त)
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• सवितरि: in/when the Sun
• सवितरि: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• प्रभो: O lord
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रभु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• the Sun (Savitṛ)
• western direction (paścimā diś)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores how time (the setting Sun) frames human action: as conditions change, conflict can intensify, reminding readers that war tends to escalate beyond control and that ethical restraint is hardest to maintain when momentum and fatigue take over.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that as evening approaches and the Sun moves westward, the fighting becomes more ferocious, with chariots and elephants engaging in close, tangled combat.