Shloka 23

तस्मिन्‌ सुतुमुले युद्धे वर्तमाने भयानके । सर्वेषामेव सैन्यानामासीद्‌ व्यतिकरो महान्‌,उस भयानक तुमुल युद्धके होते समय सभी सेनाओंका आपसमें भारी संघर्ष हो गया

tasmin sutumule yuddhe vartamāne bhayānake | sarveṣām eva sainyānām āsīd vyatikaro mahān ||

Sañjaya said: As that dreadful battle raged on—fierce and utterly tumultuous—a great intermingling and clash arose among all the armies, as formations broke and warriors surged into one another in the chaos of war.

तस्मिन्in that
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
सुतुमुलेvery tumultuous
सुतुमुले:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसुतुमुल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
युद्धेin the battle
युद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वर्तमानेwhile (it was) going on
वर्तमाने:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Neuter, Locative, Singular
भयानकेterrible
भयानके:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootभयानक
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सर्वेषाम्of all
सर्वेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सैन्यानाम्of the armies
सैन्यानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
आसीत्there was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
व्यतिकरःintermingling/conflict
व्यतिकरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootव्यतिकर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महान्great
महान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
A
armies (sainyāni)

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores how war, once unleashed, tends toward confusion and loss of orderly restraint—an implicit ethical reminder that violence rapidly escalates beyond control, engulfing all sides.

Sanjaya reports to Dhritarashtra that the battle has become terrifyingly intense; the armies have intermingled and collided in a great, chaotic melee, with formations no longer clearly separated.