Shloka 45

तत्‌ तथा पीडित॑ं तेन माधवेन यशस्विना । प्रदुद्राव भयाद्‌ रक्षस्त्यक्त्वा सात्यकिमाहवे,परमयशस्वी मधुवंशी सात्यकिके द्वारा इस प्रकार पीड़ित होनेपर वह राक्षस भयसे युद्धस्थलमें उन्हें छोड़कर भाग गया

tat tathā pīḍitaṃ tena mādhavena yaśasvinā | pradudrāva bhayād rakṣas tyaktvā sātyakim āhave ||

Sañjaya said: Thus hard-pressed by the illustrious Mādhava, the rākṣasa, seized by fear, fled—abandoning Sātyaki on the battlefield.

तत्that (one/it)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाthus, in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
पीडितम्afflicted, tormented
पीडितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपीडित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तेनby him
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
माधवेनby Mādhava (Krishna)
माधवेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमाधव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
यशस्विनाby the glorious/famed (one)
यशस्विना:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootयशस्विन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
प्रदुद्रावran away, fled forth
प्रदुद्राव:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + द्रु
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
भयात्from fear, out of fear
भयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
रक्षःthe rākṣasa (demon)
रक्षः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
त्यक्त्वाhaving abandoned, leaving
त्यक्त्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootत्यज्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
सात्यकिम्Sātyaki
सात्यकिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसात्यकि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आहवेin battle
आहवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआहव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
M
Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa)
S
Sātyaki
R
rākṣasa

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a recurring Mahābhārata ethic: adharma-driven violence lacks inner steadiness and collapses under righteous, disciplined resistance. Fear makes the aggressor abandon even immediate objectives, while dharmic strength protects companions and restores order in battle.

Sañjaya reports that a rākṣasa, being severely pressured by Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa), becomes afraid and flees the battlefield, leaving Sātyaki behind in the midst of combat.