Shloka 3

दृष्टवा दुर्योधनो राजा रणे पार्थस्य विक्रमम्‌ । त्वरमाण: समभ्येत्य सर्वास्तानब्रवीन्नपान्‌,राजा दुर्योधनने रणभूमिमें अर्जुनका पराक्रम देखकर बड़ी उतावलीके साथ निकट जा उन समस्त नरेशोंसे कहा

dṛṣṭvā duryodhano rājā raṇe pārthasya vikramam | tvaramāṇaḥ samabhyetya sarvāṁs tān abravīn nṛpān ||

Sañjaya said: Seeing in the battle the prowess of Pārtha (Arjuna), King Duryodhana, in great haste, approached and addressed all those kings—his allied rulers.

दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund)
दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पार्थस्यof Partha (Arjuna)
पार्थस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
विक्रमम्prowess, valor
विक्रमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविक्रम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
त्वरमाणःhastening
त्वरमाणः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootत्वर्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
समभ्येत्यhaving approached
समभ्येत्य:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Root
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (absolutive/gerund), सम् + अभि
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
तान्those
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अब्रवीत्said, spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
नृपान्kings
नृपान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Duryodhana
A
Arjuna (Pārtha)
T
the allied kings (nṛpāḥ)
B
battlefield (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how visible excellence (Arjuna’s vikrama) compels immediate response from leadership; ethically, it underscores that in war, a leader’s choices are pressured by others’ merit and by the consequences of one’s own cause, revealing the tension between ambition and dharma-aware responsibility.

Sañjaya reports that Duryodhana, after witnessing Arjuna’s formidable performance in battle, hurried to his side’s allied kings and began speaking to them—preparing to exhort, warn, or reorganize them in response to the battlefield situation.