Shloka 21

Devanagari script

विशोकस्तमुवाचेदं धृष्टद्युम्नं कृताउ्जलि: । संस्थाप्य मामिह बली पाण्डवेय: पराक्रमी

Transliteration

viśokas tam uvācedaṃ dhṛṣṭadyumnaṃ kṛtāñjaliḥ | saṃsthāpya mām iha balī pāṇḍaveyaḥ parākramī ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: With palms joined in reverence, Viśoka addressed Dhṛṣṭadyumna: “The mighty and valiant son of the Pāṇḍus, having firmly stationed me here…”

Word by Word

• विशोकः: griefless, free from sorrow
• विशोकः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विशोक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• उवाच: said, spoke
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular

• इदम्: this (speech/words)
• इदम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• धृष्टद्युम्नम्: Dhrishtadyumna
• धृष्टद्युम्नम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृष्टद्युम्न
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• कृताञ्जलिः: with hands joined (in reverence)
• कृताञ्जलिः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कृताञ्जलि
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• संस्थाप्य: having stationed/placed, after establishing
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-स्था
• Form: Absolutive (Tumun/lyap), Parasmaipada (usage)

• माम्: me
• माम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्
• Form: Accusative, Singular

• इह: here
• इह: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह

• बली: strong, mighty
• बली: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बलिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पाण्डवेयः: a descendant of Pandu (Pandava)
• पाण्डवेयः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डवेय
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पराक्रमी: valiant, powerful in prowess
• पराक्रमी: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पराक्रमिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛṣṭadyumna
• Pāṇḍava (pāṇḍaveyaḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even in the violence and pressure of war, one should act with composure (viśokaḥ), maintain respect and humility (kṛtāñjaliḥ), and carry out duty through clear, orderly action (saṃsthāpya).

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya narrates that a warrior, having steadied his emotions, respectfully addresses Dhṛṣṭadyumna and begins an instruction/request about being positioned or stationed at a particular place in the battle formation.