Shloka 41

Vāsudeva-Māhātmya: Duryodhana’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Theological Account of Keśava

Devanagari script

ददृशे पाण्डुपुत्रस्य सैन्यमार्तस्वरं तदा । प्रभज्यमान सैन्यं तु दृष्टवा यादवनन्दन:

Transliteration

dadṛśe pāṇḍuputrasya sainyam ārta-svaraṃ tadā | prabhajyamānaṃ sainyaṃ tu dṛṣṭvā yādava-nandanaḥ ||

Translation

Sañjaya said: Then the army of the son of Pāṇḍu was seen raising cries of distress. And when the Yādava’s beloved (Kṛṣṇa) beheld that host being shattered, the scene signaled a grave turning in the battle—where fear and disorder begin to test resolve, discipline, and the warriors’ adherence to their chosen duty.

Word by Word

• ददृशे: was seen / appeared
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), आत्मनेपद, 3, Singular

• पाण्डु-पुत्रस्य: of the son of Pāṇḍu (i.e., of the Pāṇḍava)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डुपुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• सैन्यम्: the army
• सैन्यम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• आर्त-स्वरम्: having a distressed cry / wailing
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आर्तस्वर
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• तदा: then
• तदा: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा

• प्रभज्यमानम्: being broken / being routed
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-भज्
• Form: Present passive participle (शानच्), Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• सैन्यम्: the army
• सैन्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैन्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• तु: but / indeed
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: Absolutive (क्त्वा), active, true

• यादव-नन्दनः: the delight of the Yādavas (Kṛṣṇa)
• यादव-नन्दनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: यादवनन्दन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Pāṇḍuputra (Arjuna/Pāṇḍavas)
• Pāṇḍava army
• Yādavanandana (Kṛṣṇa)