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Shloka 41

Rajo-dhūli-saṃmūḍha-saṅgrāmaḥ

The Dust-Obscured Battle and Mutual Charges

ततो भीष्मरथात्‌ तूर्णमुत्पतन्ति पतत्त्रिण: । यैरन्तरिक्षं भूमिश्व सर्वतः समवस्तृता,तत्पश्चात्‌ भीष्मके रथसे शीघ्रतापूर्वक पंखयुक्त बाण पक्षीके समान उड़ने लगे, जिन्होंने पृथ्वी और आकाश सबको आच्छादित कर लिया

tato bhīṣma-rathāt tūṛṇam utpatanti patattriṇaḥ | yair antarīkṣaṃ bhūmiś ca sarvataḥ samavastṛtāḥ ||

Sañjaya said: Then, from Bhīṣma’s chariot, winged shafts sprang forth at once, flying like birds, and with them the sky and the earth seemed covered on every side.

ततःthen/from there
ततः:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
FormAvyaya
भीष्म-रथात्from Bhishma's chariot
भीष्म-रथात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म (प्रातिपदिक) + रथ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
तूर्णम्swiftly
तूर्णम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतूर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya (adverbial accusative)
उत्पतन्तिfly up / spring forth
उत्पतन्ति:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootउत् + पत् (धातु)
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Plural
पतत्त्रिणःwinged ones (birds/winged missiles)
पतत्त्रिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपतत्त्रिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यैःby which/with which
यैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
अन्तरिक्षम्the sky/space
अन्तरिक्षम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तरिक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
भूमिःthe earth
भूमिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
Sambandha
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya
सर्वतःon all sides/everywhere
सर्वतः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वतः (सर्व-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
FormAvyaya
समवस्तृताwas covered/overspread
समवस्तृता:
Kriya
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + वस् (धातु) → समवस्तृत (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPast passive participle (PPP), Feminine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīṣma
B
Bhīṣma’s chariot
A
arrows (winged shafts)

Educational Q&A

The verse primarily conveys the epic’s ethical tension of war: extraordinary skill and power can dominate the battlefield, yet such might functions within a larger dharmic tragedy where victory is pursued through destructive means.

Sañjaya describes Bhīṣma releasing a rapid volley of arrows from his chariot; the arrows are poetically compared to birds, and their sheer number makes it seem as though they blanket both sky and earth.