Shloka 46

Devanagari script

दुर्मुखः कृतवर्मा च कृप: शल्यो विशाम्पति:

Transliteration

durmukhaḥ kṛtavarmā ca kṛpaḥ śalyo viśāmpatiḥ

Translation

Sañjaya said: “Durmukha, Kṛtavarmā, Kṛpa, and Śalya—the lord of the people—(were there).”

Word by Word

• दुर्मुखः: Durmukha (a warrior named ‘evil-faced’)
• दुर्मुखः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्मुख
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• कृतवर्मा: Kṛtavarmā (a warrior)
• कृतवर्मा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृतवर्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• कृपः: Kṛpa (the preceptor/warrior)
• कृपः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कृप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शल्यः: Śalya (the king of Madra)
• शल्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: शल्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विशाम्पतिः: lord of the people (king)
• विशाम्पतिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशाम्पति
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Durmukha
• Kṛtavarmā
• Kṛpa (Kṛpācārya)
• Śalya
• Madra (implied by Śalya’s identity)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how great names and titles do not remove moral responsibility: eminent warriors and kings still choose alliances, and those choices carry ethical consequences within the dharmic crisis of Kurukṣetra.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya is enumerating notable fighters present on the Kaurava side, naming Durmukha, Kṛtavarmā, Kṛpa, and Śalya (styled ‘lord of the people’), as part of a broader listing of forces and commanders.