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Shloka 22

Bhīmasena’s Kalinga Engagement and the Approach of Bhīṣma (भीमसेन-कालिङ्ग-संग्रामः)

अश्वैरग्रयजवै: केचिदाप्लुत्य महतो रथान्‌ | शिरांस्याददिरे वीरा रथिनामश्वसादिन:,कितने ही वीर घुड़सवार शीघ्रगामी अभश्वोंद्वारा धावा करके बड़े-बड़े रथोंपर कूद पड़ते और रथियोंके मस्तक काट लेते थे

aśvair agrayajavaiḥ kecid āplutya mahato rathān | śirāṃsy ādadire vīrā rathinām aśvasādinaḥ ||

Sañjaya said: Some heroic horsemen, mounted on swift and excellent steeds, would leap up onto the great chariots and cut off the heads of the chariot-warriors.

अश्वैःby horses
अश्वैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अग्रयजवैःby foremost swift(-moving) (horses)
अग्रयजवैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअग्रयजव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
केचित्some (men)
केचित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Root
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
आप्लुत्यhaving leapt (upon)
आप्लुत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्लु
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
महतःgreat, huge
महतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
रथान्chariots
रथान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
शिरांसिheads
शिरांसि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
आददिरेthey cut off / took away
आददिरे:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Ātmanepada
वीराःheroes, warriors
वीराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रथिनाम्of chariot-warriors
रथिनाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अश्वसादिनःhorsemen (mounted warriors)
अश्वसादिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वसादिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
H
horsemen (aśvasādinaḥ)
S
swift horses (aśva)
C
chariots (ratha)
C
chariot-warriors (rathin)

Educational Q&A

The verse does not teach a moral precept directly; it depicts the extreme ferocity and skill of warriors in Kurukṣetra. Ethically, it reflects the harsh reality of kṣatriya warfare where valor and tactical prowess operate within the accepted norms of battle, even when the acts are brutal.

Sañjaya describes a battlefield moment where swift horsemen charge, leap onto large chariots, and behead the chariot-fighters—an image of close combat and tactical daring amid the chaos of war.