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Shloka 1

Arjuna–Bhīṣma Strategic Engagement and Mutual Arrow-Interdiction (भीष्मार्जुनसमागमः)

[दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पाठके तीन श्लोक मिलाकर कुल ११२ श्लोक हैं।] अपन बक। ] अति्ऑशाएड< - उपर्युक्त पाँच श्लोक कितनी ही प्रतियोंमें नहीं हैं और कितनी ही प्रतियोंमें हैं। चतुश्नत्वारिशो< ध्याय: कौरव-पाण्डवोंके प्रथम दिनके युद्धका आरम्भ धृतराष्ट्र रवाच एवं व्यूढेष्वनीकेषु मामकेष्वितरेषु च । के पूर्व प्राहरंस्तत्र कुरव: पाण्डवा नु किम्‌,धृतराष्ट्रने पूछा--संजय! इस प्रकार जब मेरे पुत्रों और पाण्डवोंने अपनी-अपनी सेनाओंका व्यूह लगा लिया, तब वहाँ उनमेंसे पहले किन्होंने प्रहार किया, कौरवोंने या पाण्डवोंने?

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | vyūḍheṣv anīkeṣu māmakeṣv itareṣu ca | ke pūrvaṁ prāharan tatra kuravaḥ pāṇḍavā nu kim ||

Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: “Sañjaya, when my sons’ forces and the Pāṇḍavas’ forces had been arrayed in their respective battle-formations, who struck first there—were it the Kurus, or the Pāṇḍavas?”

व्यूढेषुwhen (the arrays) were arranged
व्यूढेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यूढ
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
अनीकेषुin the armies/forces
अनीकेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअनीक
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
मामकेषुamong my (side’s forces)
मामकेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमामक
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
इतरेषुamong the others (the opposing side’s forces)
इतरेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootइतर
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
केwho (which people)
के:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पूर्वम्first, earlier
पूर्वम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
प्राहरन्struck/attacked
प्राहरन्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-हृ
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
कुरवःthe Kurus (Kauravas)
कुरवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पाण्डवाःthe Pandavas
पाण्डवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अनुor (in this interrogative usage: 'or rather')
अनु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअनु
किम्what? (i.e., which was it?)
किम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
S
Sañjaya
K
Kuravaḥ (Kauravas)
P
Pāṇḍavāḥ (Pāṇḍavas)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames the ethical anxiety around initiating violence: the first strike matters because it signals intention, aggression, and accountability. Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s question also reveals partiality (“mine” vs “others”), highlighting how attachment can cloud moral judgment in matters of dharma and war.

After both sides have arranged their armies in battle formations, Dhṛtarāṣṭra asks Sañjaya to report who began the fighting—whether the Kauravas or the Pāṇḍavas initiated the first attack on the first day of the Kurukṣetra war.