Shloka 31

सम्बन्ध--इस प्रकार आत्माकों सब प्राणियोंमें समभावसे स्थित, निर्विकार और अकर्ता बतलाया जानेपर यह शंका होती है कि समस्त शरीरोंगें रहता हुआ भी आत्मा उनके दोषोंसे निर्लिप्त और अकर्ता कैसे रह सकता है; इस शंकाका निवारण करनेके लिये अब भगवान्‌ू--इस अध्यायके तीसरे श्लोकमें जो “यत्प्रभावश्च" पदसे क्षेत्रज्ञका प्रभाव युननेका संकेत किया गया था; उसके अनुसार--तीन शलोकोद्रार आत्माके प्रभावका वर्णन करते हैं-- अनादित्वान्निर्गुणत्वात्‌ परमात्मायमव्यय:+ | शरीरस्थो5डपि कौन्तेय न करोति न लिप्यते,हे अर्जुन! अनादि होनेसे और निर्गुण होनेसे यह अविनाशी परमात्मा: शरीरमें स्थित होनेपर भी वास्तवमें न तो कुछ करता है और न लिप्त ही होता हैः

arjuna uvāca | anāditvān nirguṇatvāt paramātmāyam avyayaḥ | śarīrastho 'pi kaunteya na karoti na lipyate ||

Because the Supreme Self (Paramātman) is without beginning and beyond the guṇas, it is imperishable. Therefore, O son of Kuntī, even while abiding within the body, it neither truly acts nor becomes tainted. In the ethical setting of the battlefield teaching, this clarifies how inner awareness can remain unstained by bodily conditions and faults, grounding responsibility in right discernment rather than in the Self’s being “a doer.”

अनादित्वात्because of beginninglessness
अनादित्वात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअनादि
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
निर्गुणत्वात्because of being without qualities
निर्गुणत्वात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootनिर्गुणत्व
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
परमात्माthe Supreme Self
परमात्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरमात्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अव्ययःimperishable
अव्ययः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शरीरस्थःdwelling in the body
शरीरस्थः:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootशरीरस्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
कौन्तेयO son of Kunti
कौन्तेय:
TypeNoun
Rootकौन्तेय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
करोतिdoes
करोति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
लिप्यतेis tainted/gets smeared
लिप्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootलिप्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Passive (Karmani)

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
P
Paramātmā (Supreme Self)
K
Kuntī (via epithet Kaunteya)
Ś
śarīra (the body)

Educational Q&A

The Supreme Self (Ātman/Paramātmā) is beginningless, beyond the guṇas, and imperishable; therefore it is not the real agent of actions and is not stained by bodily defects or karmic taint. Agency and bondage belong to prakṛti and its modes, while the Self remains a witnessing presence.

In the Bhīṣma Parva battlefield dialogue, Arjuna voices a philosophical point about how the Self can dwell in all bodies yet remain untouched. The verse frames the discussion that follows on the Self’s transcendence of action and impurity, supporting disciplined action without egoic identification.