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Shloka 4

ध्यानयोगः — Dhyāna-Yoga

Discipline of Meditation and Mental Restraint

तू मेरा भक्त और प्रिय सखा है, इसलिये वही यह पुरातन योग आज मैंने तुझको कहा है; क्योंकि यह बड़ा ही उत्तम रहस्य है अर्थात्‌ गुप्त रखनेयोग्य विषय हैः ।। अजुन उवाच अपरं भवतो जन्म परं जन्म विवस्वत: । कथमेतद्‌ विजानीयां त्वमादौ प्रोक्तवानिति,अर्जुन बोले--आपका जन्म तो अर्वाचीन--अभी हालका है और सूर्यका जन्म बहुत पुराना है अर्थात्‌ कल्पके आदिमें हो चुका था; तब मैं इस बातको कैसे समझूँ कि आपहीने कल्पके आदिदमें सूर्यसे यह योग कहा था? इति श्रीमहाभारते भीष्मपर्वणि श्रीमद्धगवदगीतापर्वणि श्रीमद्भगवद्गीतासूपनिषत्तसु ब्रह्मुविद्यायां योगशास्त्रे श्रीकृष्णार्जुनसंवादे ज्ञानकर्मसंन्यासयोगो नाम चतुर्थो5ध्याय:

arjuna uvāca | aparaṁ bhavato janma paraṁ janma vivasvataḥ | katham etad vijānīyāṁ tvam ādau proktavān iti ||

Arjuna said: “Your birth is recent, while the Sun-god’s birth is ancient. How am I to understand that in the beginning You taught this Yoga to him?”

अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अपरम्later (more recent)
अपरम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअपर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भवतःof you (honorific)
भवतः:
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
जन्मbirth
जन्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
परम्earlier (more ancient)
परम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
जन्मbirth
जन्म:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
विवस्वतःof Vivasvat (the Sun)
विवस्वतः:
TypeNoun
Rootविवस्वत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विजानीयाम्should I know/understand
विजानीयाम्:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormPresent, Optative, First, Singular, Parasmaipada
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आदौin the beginning
आदौ:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआदि
प्रोक्तवान्having spoken/taught
प्रोक्तवान्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-वच्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्तवतुँ (past active participle)
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
K
Krishna
V
Vivasvat (Sun-god)

Educational Q&A

Arjuna raises a rational doubt about the chronology of Krishna’s claim to have taught the ancient Yoga to Vivasvat. The verse sets up Krishna’s explanation of divine, non-ordinary birth and the timeless transmission of dharma through successive ages.

After hearing that Krishna taught this Yoga to the Sun-god long ago, Arjuna points out the apparent contradiction: Krishna appears to be of recent birth, while Vivasvat belongs to primordial time. He asks how to reconcile this, prompting Krishna’s forthcoming teaching on his divine manifestations and remembrance across ages.