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Shloka 23

Bhīṣma-nipāta-saṃvāda — Sañjaya’s Report of Bhīṣma’s Fall (भीष्मनिपातसंवादः)

मामका: के महेष्वासा नाजहु: संजयाच्युतम्‌ । दुर्योधनसमादिष्टा: के वीरा: पर्यवारयन्‌,संजय! कभी युद्धसे पीछे न हटनेवाले भीष्मजीका मेरे पक्षके किन महाधनुर्धरोंने साथ नहीं छोड़ा? दुर्योधनकी आज्ञा पाकर किन-किन वीरोंने उन्हें सब ओरसे घेर रखा था?

māmakāḥ ke maheṣvāsā nājahuḥ sañjayācyutam | duryodhana-samādiṣṭāḥ ke vīrāḥ paryavārayan, sañjaya |

Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: “Sañjaya, which great bowmen on my side did not abandon Bhīṣma—unyielding in battle? And, acting under Duryodhana’s command, which heroes surrounded and protected him on every side?”

मामकाःmy (men), belonging to me
मामकाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमामक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
केwhich? who?
के:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महेष्वासाःgreat bowmen
महेष्वासाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहेष्वास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अजहुःabandoned, left
अजहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootहाऽ (जहाति)
FormPerfect (Paroksha/Periphrastic-perfect usage in epic style), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
संजयO Sañjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
अच्युतम्Acyuta (Krishna)
अच्युतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअच्युत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दुर्योधनof Duryodhana
दुर्योधन:
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
समादिष्टाःcommanded, ordered
समादिष्टाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-आ-√दिश् (समादिशति)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
केwhich? who?
के:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वीराःheroes, warriors
वीराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पर्यवारयन्surrounded, hemmed in
पर्यवारयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि-आ-√वृ (आवृणोति/आवर्तते); causative/denominative epic usage: पर्यवारयति
FormImperfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
संजयO Sañjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

धृतराष्ट उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
S
Sañjaya
D
Duryodhana
B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethics of wartime leadership: a commander’s safety depends on disciplined loyalty and coordinated protection by capable warriors, while also revealing Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s anxious dependence on reports rather than direct moral clarity.

Dhṛtarāṣṭra asks Sañjaya to identify which Kaurava great archers stayed with Bhīṣma and which warriors, under Duryodhana’s orders, formed a protective encirclement around him in battle.