Shloka 50
Devanagari script
प्रावर्तयत संग्रामे शोणितोदां महानदीम् । मध्येन कुरुसैन्यानां पाण्डवानां च भारत,और भारत! उन सब महारथियोंको बाणवर्षद्वारा विमुख करके अर्जुनने संग्राम भूमिमें कौरव-पाण्डवोंकी सेनाओंके बीच रक्तकी बहुत बड़ी नदी बहा दी
Transliteration
sañjaya uvāca |
prāvartayat saṅgrāme śoṇitodāṃ mahānadīm |
madhyena kuru-sainyānāṃ pāṇḍavānāṃ ca bhārata ||
Translation
Sañjaya said: In the midst of battle, Arjuna set in motion a mighty river whose waters were blood, flowing between the armies of the Kurus and the Pāṇḍavas, O Bhārata. The image underscores the terrible moral cost of war: even when fought for a righteous end, the field is drenched in suffering, and heroic prowess becomes inseparable from the tragedy it creates.
Word by Word
प्रावर्तयत्set in motion / caused to flow
प्रावर्तयत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-√वृत् (वर्तयति)
Formलङ् (Imperfect), परस्मैपद, 3, singular
संग्रामेin battle
संग्रामे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंग्राम
Formmasculine, locative, singular
शोणित-उदाम्having blood as water / blood-watered
शोणित-उदाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशोणितोद (शोणित + उद)
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
महानदीम्a great river
महानदीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहानदी (महत् + नदी)
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
मध्येनthrough the middle / in the midst
मध्येन:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमध्य
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
कुरु-सैन्यानाम्of the Kuru armies
कुरु-सैन्यानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकुरुसैन्य (कुरु + सैन्य)
Formneuter, genitive, plural
पाण्डवानाम्of the Pandavas
पाण्डवानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
भारतO Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaB
Bhārata (Dhṛtarāṣṭra addressed)K
Kuru armyP
Pāṇḍava armyA
Arjuna (implied by context/tradition of the passage)B
battlefield (Kurukṣetra, implied)Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Geographic Context
Sandhi Notes