Shloka 20
Bhīṣma’s Fall, the Arrow-bed (śara-talpa), and the Establishment of Guard
Devanagari script
एतद् विचिन्तयानस्य प्रज्ञा सीदति मे भृशम् । अभ्युद्यतो रणे पार्थ: कुरुवृद्धमुपाद्रवत्
Translation
Sañjaya said: “As I reflect on all these things, my judgment sinks grievously. Today Pārtha—Arjuna—fully prepared upon the battlefield, has charged at Bhīṣma, the aged elder of the Kurus.”
Word by Word
एतत्this (thing)
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विचिन्तयानस्यof (me) reflecting/considering
विचिन्तयानस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootविचिन्तय्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Genitive, Singular
प्रज्ञाunderstanding, intellect
प्रज्ञा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रज्ञा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सीदतिsinks, becomes depressed
सीदति:
TypeVerb
Rootसद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
मेof me / my
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
भृशम्exceedingly, greatly
भृशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभृशम्
अभ्युद्यतःhaving risen/ready, prepared
अभ्युद्यतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-उद्-यम्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
पार्थःPartha (Arjuna)
पार्थः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुरु-वृद्धम्the aged elder of the Kurus
कुरु-वृद्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुरुवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उपाद्रवत्attacked, rushed upon
उपाद्रवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-आ-द्रु
FormImperfect (लङ्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes