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Shloka 40

Adhyāya 111 (Book 6): Daśama-dina-saṃgrāma—Bhīṣma’s Counsel to Yudhiṣṭhira and the Śikhaṇḍin-Led Advance

दशमे5हनि सम्प्राप्ते रथानीकं शिखण्डिन: । अदहन्निशितैर्बाणै: कृष्णवर्त्मेव काननम्‌,वे मुँह फैलाये हुए कालके समान भीष्मको रोक न सके। दसवाँ दिन आनेपर भीष्म जैसे दावाग्नि वनको जला देती है, उसी प्रकार शिखण्डीकी रथसेनाको तीखे बाणोंकी आगमें भस्म करने लगे

daśame ’hani samprāpte rathānīkaṃ śikhaṇḍinaḥ | adahan niśitair bāṇaiḥ kṛṣṇavartmeva kānanam ||

Sañjaya said: When the tenth day arrived, Bhīṣma, with volleys of razor-sharp arrows, set Śikhaṇḍin’s chariot-host ablaze—consuming it as a forest is consumed by a wildfire.

दशमेon the tenth
दशमे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootदशम
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
अहनिday
अहनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
सम्प्राप्तेhaving arrived / when (it) had come
सम्प्राप्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-प्र-आप् (सम्प्राप्) → सम्प्राप्त
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
रथानीकम्the chariot-division / chariot-army
रथानीकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ + अनीक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शिखण्डिनःof Śikhaṇḍin
शिखण्डिनः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootशिखण्डिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
अदहन्they burned / they scorched
अदहन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदह्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural
निशितैःwith sharp
निशितैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootनिशित
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
बाणैःarrows
बाणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबाण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
कृष्णवर्त्माone having a black path (i.e., fire/smoke-bearing fire)
कृष्णवर्त्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण + वर्त्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
काननम्forest
काननम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकानन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śikhaṇḍin
R
rathānīka (chariot-host)
B
bāṇa (arrows)
K
kānanam (forest)
K
kṛṣṇavartmā (wildfire)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the harsh moral reality of war: disciplined force and mastery in combat can overwhelm even organized armies. It implicitly points to the kṣatriya code where duty is pursued through martial excellence, while also revealing the tragic cost—whole formations can be ‘consumed’ in moments.

On the tenth day of the Kurukṣetra war, Bhīṣma attacks Shikhaṇḍin’s chariot-formation with sharp arrows, destroying it as a wildfire consumes a forest. Sañjaya reports this to Dhṛtarāṣṭra as part of the day’s unfolding battle.