Shloka 3

सो$भिनिर्याय नगराद्‌ भगदत्तसुतो नृप: । अश्वमायान्तमुन्मथ्य नगराभिमुखो ययौ,नगरसे निकलकर भगदत्तकुमार राजा वज्रदत्तने अपनी ओर आते हुए घोड़ेको बलपूर्वक पकड़ लिया और उसे साथ लेकर वह नगरकी ओर चला

so 'bhiniryāya nagarād bhagadattasuto nṛpaḥ | aśvam āyāntam unmathya nagarābhimukho yayau ||

Vaiśampāyana said: The king, the son of Bhagadatta, set out from the city. Seizing the approaching sacrificial horse by force, he turned back toward the city and went on, taking it with him—an act that signals a deliberate challenge to the Aśvamedha’s sovereign claim.

सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अभिनिर्यायhaving gone out / having set forth
अभिनिर्याय:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-निर्-या
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Invariable
नगरात्from the city
नगरात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootनगर
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
भगदत्तसुतःBhagadatta's son
भगदत्तसुतः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभगदत्त-सुत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृपःthe king
नृपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अश्वम्the horse
अश्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आयान्तम्coming/approaching
आयान्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-या
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
उन्मथ्यhaving seized/forcibly taken hold (lit. having churned up/dragged)
उन्मथ्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-मथ्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage), Invariable
नगराभिमुखःfacing toward the city
नगराभिमुखः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनगर-अभिमुख
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ययौwent
ययौ:
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormPerfect (Liṭ), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
B
Bhagadatta
B
Bhagadatta’s son (Vajrādattā)
C
city (nagara)
A
Aśvamedha horse (aśva)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how ritual acts like the Aśvamedha function as assertions of political sovereignty; forcibly stopping or taking the horse is not merely a physical act but an ethical-political declaration of resistance, which traditionally entails accountability through confrontation and the restoration of order (dharma) in the realm.

Bhagadatta’s son, King Vajrādattā, comes out of the city, forcibly grabs the approaching Aśvamedha horse, and turns back toward the city with it—effectively detaining the horse and challenging the authority behind the sacrifice.