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Shloka 2

Brahmopadeśa: Ahiṃsā, Jñāna, and the Kṣetrajña–Sattva Analysis

Chapter 49

ऊर्ध्व देहाद्‌ वदन्त्येके नैतदस्तीति चापरे । केचित्‌ संशयितं सर्व नि:संशयमथापरे,कोई तो कहते हैं कि देहका नाश होनेके बाद धर्मका फल मिलेगा। दूसरे कहते हैं कि ऐसी बात नहीं है। कितने ही लोग सब धर्मोको संशययुक्त बताते हैं और दूसरे संशयरहित कहते हैं

ūrdhvaṃ dehād vadanty eke naitad astīti cāpare | kecit saṃśayitaṃ sarvaṃ niḥsaṃśayam athāpare ||

Vāyu said: “Some declare that, after the body perishes, one attains the fruits of dharma in a higher state. Others insist that nothing of the sort exists. Some regard all dharmic teaching as uncertain, while others affirm it as free from doubt.”

ऊर्ध्वम्afterwards/above (i.e., after death)
ऊर्ध्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऊर्ध्व
FormAvyaya (adverb)
देहात्from the body
देहात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदेह
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
वदन्तिsay
वदन्ति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Plural
एकेsome (people)
एके:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormNegation
एतत्this (thing)
एतत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अस्तिexists/is
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, 3rd person, Singular
इतिthus/“that”
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
FormQuotative particle
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormConjunction
अपरेothers
अपरे:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
केचित्some (others)
केचित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम् + चित्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural (indeclinable-like usage)
संशयितम्doubtful/uncertain
संशयितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसंशयित (from धातु √शि/√शय?; here adjectival past participle sense from 'संशय' + क्त)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सर्वम्all (of it)
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
नि:संशयम्free from doubt/certain
नि:संशयम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootनि:संशय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular (also adverbial usage)
अथthen/again/and
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
FormParticle
अपरेothers
अपरे:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअपर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyu (Vāyudeva)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights competing views about dharma’s consequences: some affirm post-mortem fruition and certainty in dharma, while others deny an afterlife or treat all dharmic claims as doubtful. It frames a debate about moral causality and the grounds of ethical confidence.

Vāyudeva speaks by reporting the range of human opinions on whether dharma yields results beyond death and whether dharma can be known with certainty, setting up a reflective discussion on belief, doubt, and moral order.