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Shloka 5

कālacakra-वर्णनम् तथा āśrama-धarma-निरूपणम्

The Wheel of Time and the Norms of the Āśramas

मासार्धमासगणितं विषमं लोकसंचरम्‌ । तमोनियमपड्कं च रजोवेगप्रवर्तकम्‌

māsārdhamāsagaṇitaṃ viṣamaṃ lokasañcaram | tamoniyamapaṅkaṃ ca rajovegapravartakam

Vāyu-deva said: “It moves through the worlds in an uneven course, reckoned by months and half-months; it is a mire governed by darkness (tamas), and it sets in motion the impetuous surge of passion (rajas).”

मासmonth
मास:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अर्धhalf
अर्ध:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअर्ध
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मासmonth
मास:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमास
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गणितम्computed, reckoned
गणितम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगणित (√गण्)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
विषमम्uneven, irregular
विषमम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविषम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
लोकworld
लोक:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सञ्चरम्moving about, wandering
सञ्चरम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसञ्चर (√चर्)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तमःdarkness; tamas
तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
नियमrestraint, regulation
नियम:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनियम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पङ्कम्mud, mire
पङ्कम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपङ्क
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
रजःdust; rajas
रजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
वेगimpulse, force
वेग:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रवर्तकम्causing to proceed; instigating
प्रवर्तकम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रवर्तक (√वृत्/√वर्त्)
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyu (Wind-god)
L
loka (the worlds/realms)
T
tamas
R
rajas

Educational Q&A

The verse portrays worldly movement and experience as irregular and hard to navigate, driven by the guṇas: tamas creates dullness and entanglement, while rajas propels restless activity. Ethically, it implies that clarity and steadiness require rising above these forces rather than being dragged by them.

Vāyu-deva is speaking and characterizing the nature of worldly course—measured in time (months/fortnights) yet uneven—using imagery of mud and forces to explain how tamas and rajas condition beings’ movement and behavior across realms.