Shloka 20

Adhyāya 39 — त्रिगुणविवेकः (Discrimination of the Three Guṇas) and Avyakta-Doctrine

Devanagari script

भूतं भव्यं भविष्यं च धर्मोडर्थ: काम एव च | प्राणापानावुदान श्चाप्येत एव त्रयो गुणा:,भूत, वर्तमान, भविष्य, धर्म, अर्थ, काम, प्राण, अपान और उदान-ये सब त्रिगुणात्मक ही हैं

Transliteration

bhūtaṁ bhavyaṁ bhaviṣyaṁ ca dharmo 'rthaḥ kāma eva ca | prāṇāpānāv udānaś cāpy ete eva trayo guṇāḥ ||

Translation

Vāyu-deva said: “Past, present, and future; and likewise dharma, artha, and kāma; and also the vital currents—prāṇa, apāna, and udāna—all these are, in truth, constituted by the three guṇas.”

Word by Word

भूतम्the past (what has been)

भव्यम्the present/what is to be (imminent)

भविष्यम्the future

चand

धर्मःdharma, righteousness

अर्थःwealth, purpose

कामःdesire, pleasure

एवindeed, only

चand

प्राणin-breath, vital air (prāṇa)

अपानौapāna (downward vital air) (dual form in text)

उदानःudāna (upward vital air)

चand

अपिalso

एतेthese

एवindeed

त्रयःthree

गुणाःqualities, guṇas

Speaker

वायुदेव उवाच

Characters & Entities

Vāyu (Vāyudeva)

triguṇa (sattva-rajas-tamas)

prāṇa

apāna

udāna

dharma

artha

kāma

time (past-present-future)

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Sandhi Notes