Shloka 166
तत्र तत्र नियम्यन्ते सर्वे ते तामसा गुणा: । मोह, अज्ञान, त्यागका अभाव, कर्मोंका निर्णय न कर सकना, निद्रा, गर्व, भय, लोभ, स्वयं शुभ कर्मोंमें दोष देखना, स्मरणशक्तिका अभाव, परिणाम न सोचना, नास्तिकता, दुश्चरित्रता, निर्विशेषता (अच्छे-बुरेके विवेकका अभाव), इन्द्रियोंकी शिथिलता, हिंसा आदि निन्दनीय दोषोंमें प्रवृत्त होना, अकार्यको कार्य और अज्ञानको ज्ञान समझना, शत्रुता, काममें मन न लगाना, अअश्रद्धा, मूर्खतापूर्ण विचार, कुटिलता, नासमझी, पाप करना, अज्ञान, आलस्य आदिके कारण देहका भारी होना, भाव-भक्तिका न होना, अजितेन्द्रियता और नीच कर्मोमें अनुराग--ये सभी दुर्गुण तमोगुणके कार्य बतलाये गये हैं। इनके सिवा और भी जो-जो बातें इस लोकमें निषिद्ध मानी गयी हैं, वे सब तमोगुणी ही हैं
tatra tatra niyamyante sarve te tāmasā guṇāḥ | mohaḥ, ajñānam, tyāgasyābhāvaḥ, karmāṇāṁ nirṇayaṁ na kartum aśakyatā, nidrā, garvaḥ, bhayam, lobhaḥ, svayaṁ śubha-karmasu doṣa-darśanam, smaraṇa-śakter abhāvaḥ, pariṇāmaṁ na cintayitum, nāstikatā, duścaritratā, nirviśeṣatā (śubha-aśubha-vivekābhāvaḥ), indriyāṇāṁ śaithilyam, hiṁsādi-nindya-doṣeṣu pravṛttiḥ, akāryaṁ kāryam iti ca ajñānaṁ jñānam iti ca manyanam, śatrutā, kārye manaḥ na lagnaṁ, aśraddhā, mūrkha-vicāraḥ, kuṭilatā, anavabodhaḥ, pāpa-karaṇam, ajñāna-ālasyādi-kāraṇāt dehasya gauravam, bhāva-bhakter abhāvaḥ, ajitendriyatā, nīca-karmasu anurāgaḥ—ete sarve durguṇāḥ tamo-guṇasya kāryāṇi proktāḥ | etebhyaḥ anyā api yā yā iha loke niṣiddhā matāḥ, tāḥ sarvāḥ tāmasya eva |
Vāyu said: “In various ways all these qualities born of tamas are restrained and recognized: delusion and ignorance; absence of renunciation; inability to judge what action should be done; sleep; pride; fear; greed; finding faults even in one’s own good deeds; loss of memory; failure to consider consequences; disbelief in higher truth; bad conduct; lack of discernment between right and wrong; slackness of the senses; engagement in blameworthy vices such as violence; mistaking what should not be done for what should be done, and taking ignorance to be knowledge; hostility; lack of interest in one’s proper work; faithlessness; foolish thinking; crookedness; lack of understanding; committing sin; heaviness of body due to ignorance and laziness; absence of heartfelt devotion; uncontrolled senses; and attachment to base actions—these are all declared to be the effects of the tamasic quality. And whatever else in this world is regarded as forbidden is likewise tamasic.”
वायुदेव उवाच
Educational Q&A
The passage defines tamas through its observable ethical and psychological effects—delusion, inertia, lack of discernment, faithlessness, cruelty, and attachment to base actions—and implies that dharmic life requires recognizing and restraining these tendencies.
Vāyudeva is speaking as a teacher, enumerating the marks of tamas to guide the listener’s moral self-assessment and to distinguish forbidden, degrading impulses from conduct aligned with dharma.