Shloka 12

सम्मोहोऊज्ञानमत्याग: कर्मणामविनिर्णय: । स्वप्न: स्तम्भो भयं लोभ: स्वत: सुकृतदूषणम्‌,तत्र तत्र नियम्यन्ते सर्वे ते तामसा गुणा: । मोह, अज्ञान, त्यागका अभाव, कर्मोंका निर्णय न कर सकना, निद्रा, गर्व, भय, लोभ, स्वयं शुभ कर्मोंमें दोष देखना, स्मरणशक्तिका अभाव, परिणाम न सोचना, नास्तिकता, दुश्चरित्रता, निर्विशेषता (अच्छे-बुरेके विवेकका अभाव), इन्द्रियोंकी शिथिलता, हिंसा आदि निन्दनीय दोषोंमें प्रवृत्त होना, अकार्यको कार्य और अज्ञानको ज्ञान समझना, शत्रुता, काममें मन न लगाना, अअश्रद्धा, मूर्खतापूर्ण विचार, कुटिलता, नासमझी, पाप करना, अज्ञान, आलस्य आदिके कारण देहका भारी होना, भाव-भक्तिका न होना, अजितेन्द्रियता और नीच कर्मोमें अनुराग--ये सभी दुर्गुण तमोगुणके कार्य बतलाये गये हैं। इनके सिवा और भी जो-जो बातें इस लोकमें निषिद्ध मानी गयी हैं, वे सब तमोगुणी ही हैं

vāyudeva uvāca | sammoho 'jñānam atyāgaḥ karmaṇām avinirṇayaḥ | svapnaḥ stambho bhayaṁ lobhaḥ svataḥ sukṛtadūṣaṇam | tatra tatra niyamyante sarve te tāmasā guṇāḥ |

Vāyu said: “Delusion, ignorance, the refusal to renounce, inability to judge one’s actions, sleep and torpor, paralysis of will, fear, greed, and the habit of finding fault even with one’s own good deeds—these and the like are all governed by the quality of darkness (tamas). In ethical terms, they are the marks by which tamas is recognized: it clouds discernment, weakens resolve, and turns a person away from right conduct.”

सम्मोहःdelusion, bewilderment
सम्मोहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसम्मोह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अज्ञानम्ignorance
अज्ञानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअज्ञान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अत्यागःnon-renunciation; lack of giving up
अत्यागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअत्याग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कर्मणाम्of actions
कर्मणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
अविनिर्णयःindecision; inability to determine
अविनिर्णयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअविनिर्णय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वप्नःsleep; dreaming
स्वप्नः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वप्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्तम्भःstupor; rigidity; paralysis
स्तम्भः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्तम्भ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भयम्fear
भयम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
लोभःgreed
लोभः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वतःof oneself; by oneself; naturally
स्वतः:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वतस्
सुकृतदूषणम्finding fault in good deeds; disparagement of merit
सुकृतदूषणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुकृत-दूषण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्रthere; in that (state/context)
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
तत्रthere; again and again
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
नियम्यन्तेare restrained/controlled; are held down
नियम्यन्ते:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootनि-यम्
FormPresent, Atmanepada (Passive-like usage), Third, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthose
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तामसाःtamasic; pertaining to darkness/ignorance
तामसाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतामस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गुणाःqualities; traits
गुणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva (Wind-god)
T
tamas (the tamasic guṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse identifies hallmark traits of tamas—delusion, ignorance, indecision, lethargy, fear, greed, and even mistrusting one’s own good deeds—and frames them as forces that obstruct clear judgment and righteous action.

Vāyudeva is speaking in a didactic context, explaining the nature of the guṇas. Here he characterizes tamas by listing the mental and ethical defects through which it manifests in human conduct.