Shloka 21

Devanagari script

जातीमरणतत्त्वज्ञं कोविदं पापपुण्ययो: । द्रष्टारमुच्चनीचानां कर्मभिवदेहिनां गतिम्‌,प्राचीन समयमें काश्यप नामके एक धर्मज्ञ और तपस्वी ब्राह्मण किसी सिद्ध महर्षिके पास गये; जो धर्मके विषयमें शास्त्रके सम्पूर्ण रहस्योंको जाननेवाले, भूत और भविष्यके ज्ञान-विज्ञानमें प्रवीण, लोक-तत्त्वके ज्ञानमें कुशल, सुख-दुःखके रहस्यको समझनेवाले, जन्म-मृत्युके तत्त्वज्ञ, पाप-पुण्यके ज्ञाता और ऊँच-नीच प्राणियोंको कर्मानुसार प्राप्त होनेवाली गतिके प्रत्यक्ष द्रष्टा थे

Transliteration

jātimaraṇatattvajñaṁ kovidaṁ pāpapuṇyayoḥ | draṣṭāram uccanīcānāṁ karmabhir dehināṁ gatiṁ ||

Translation

The Brahmin said: “He was a knower of the true principles of birth and death, and expertly discerning in matters of sin and merit. He directly beheld the destinies that embodied beings—high and low—attain according to their deeds.”

Word by Word

• जाति-मरण-तत्त्व-ज्ञम्: knower of the truth of birth and death
• जाति-मरण-तत्त्व-ज्ञम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: जाति + मरण + तत्त्व + ज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• कोविदम्: learned, skilled
• कोविदम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कोविद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• पाप-पुण्ययोः: of sin and merit
• पाप-पुण्ययोः: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप + पुण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Dual

• द्रष्टारम्: seer, witness
• द्रष्टारम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्रष्टृ (प्रातिपदिक; √दृश्)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• उच्च-नीचानाम्: of the high and the low
• उच्च-नीचानाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उच्च + नीच (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• कर्मभिः: by (their) actions
• कर्मभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• देहिनाम्: of embodied beings
• देहिनाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: देहिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• गतिम्: course, destiny, state attained
• गतिम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: गति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

ब्राह्मण उवाच

Characters & Entities

• ब्राह्मण (the speaking Brahmin)
• सिद्ध महर्षि (a perfected great sage, implied by context)
• काश्यप (Kāśyapa, mentioned in the accompanying narrative prose)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Moral causality governs embodied existence: beings attain higher or lower destinies in accordance with their actions, and true wisdom includes discerning the realities of birth, death, and the ethical weight of merit and sin.

What is happening in the narrative?

The speaker (a Brahmin) describes an accomplished sage—one who understands birth and death and can discern merit and sin—portraying him as a direct witness of how different beings reach their respective destinies through karma.