Shloka 41
गोप्रदानगुणाः तथा कपिलागोविधानम्
Merits of Cow-Gift and the Origin-Account of Kapilā Cows
अन्तर्ज्ाता: सक्रयज्ञानलब्धा: प्राणै: क्रीतास्तेजसा यौतकाश्न । कृच्छोत्सृष्टा: पोषणाभ्यागताश्न द्वारैरेतैगोविशेषा: प्रशस्ता:,गर्भिणी, खरीदकर लायी हुई, ज्ञान या विद्याके बलसे प्राप्त की हुई, दूसरे प्राणियोंके बदलेमें लायी हुई अथवा युद्धमें पराक्रम प्रकट करके प्राप्त की हुई, दहेजमें मिली हुई, पालनमें कष्ट समझकर स्वामीके द्वारा परित्यक्त हुई तथा पालन-पोषणके लिये अपने पास आयी हुई विशिष्ट गौएँ इन उपर्युक्त कारणोंसे ही दानके लिये प्रशंसनीय मानी गयी हैं
antarjātāḥ sakrayajñānalabdhāḥ prāṇaiḥ krītās tejasā yautakāś ca | kṛcchrotsṛṣṭāḥ poṣaṇābhyāgatāś ca dvārair etair goviseṣāḥ praśastāḥ ||
Bhīṣma said: Cows of special worth are praised as fit for gifting when they come to one through these recognized means—born within one’s own household, obtained through sacrificial rites or through learning, acquired in exchange for one’s very life, won by valor in battle, received as a bridal dowry, released by an owner who found their upkeep burdensome, or those that have come seeking sustenance and protection. Such origins make the gift ethically commendable, since the giver’s claim is clear and the act supports welfare rather than harm.
पितामह उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhīṣma defines which cows are ethically commendable to give in charity: those acquired through clear, socially sanctioned, and non-harmful means (birth in one’s household, sacrifice/learning, life-risk exchange, valor, dowry, lawful relinquishment, or seeking refuge for sustenance). The emphasis is on rightful ownership and compassionate support, so that dāna becomes pure and dharmic.
In Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhīṣma (as teacher) enumerates categories of ‘special cows’ whose provenance makes them suitable for gifting. He is guiding the listener on proper conduct in charity—especially the norms around gifting cattle, a major form of wealth and welfare in the epic’s social world.