Shloka 1

(दाक्षिणात्य अधिक पाठके १६ शलोक मिलाकर कुल ३९३ “लोक हैं) द्विषष्टितमो< ध्याय: सब दानोंसे बढ़कर भूमिदानका महत्त्व तथा उसीके विषयमें इन्द्र और बृहस्पतिका संवाद युधिछिर उवाच इदं देयमिदं देयमितीयं श्रुतिरादरात्‌ । बहुदेयाश्व राजान: किंस्विद्‌ दानमनुत्तमम्‌,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--पितामह! यह देना चाहिये, वह देना चाहिये, ऐसा कहकर यह श्रुति बड़े आदरके साथ दानका विधान करती है तथा शास्त्रोंमें रजाओंके लिये बहुत कुछ दान करनेके लिये बात कही गयी है; परंतु मैं यह जानना चाहता हूँ कि सब दानोंमें सर्वोत्तम दान कौन-सा है?

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca: idaṃ deyaṃ idaṃ deyam iti iyaṃ śrutir ādarāt | bahu deyāś ca rājānaḥ kiṃ svid dānam anuttamam ||

Yudhiṣṭhira said: “Revered Grandsire, the sacred tradition repeatedly enjoins—‘This should be given, that should be given’—and it does so with great insistence. The scriptures also declare that kings ought to give in many ways. Yet I wish to know: among all forms of giving, which gift is truly unsurpassed?”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
देयम्should be given
देयम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदा
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, gerundive (tavya/ya), passive obligation
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
देयम्should be given
देयम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदा
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular, gerundive (tavya/ya), passive obligation
इति"thus" (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
इयम्this (she/this one)
इयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
श्रुतिःthe Vedic revelation / scripture
श्रुतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootश्रुति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
आदरात्out of respect / respectfully
आदरात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआदर
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
बहुmuch / many (greatly)
बहु:
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular, adverbial accusative
देयाःto be given / should give
देयाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootदा
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, gerundive (ya), passive obligation
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
राजानःkings
राजानः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
किम्what?
किम्:
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
स्वित्indeed? / I wonder (interrogative particle)
स्वित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वित्
दानम्gift; giving; donation
दानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
अनुत्तमम्unsurpassed; supreme
अनुत्तमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुत्तम
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
Ś
Śruti (Vedic revelation)
K
kings (rājānaḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-inquiry: although scripture praises many kinds of charity, ethical discernment is needed to identify the highest form of giving—especially for rulers whose duty includes generous support of society.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dāna-dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Bhīṣma (his grandsire and teacher) and asks which donation is supreme, setting up the ensuing discussion (including the theme of the greatness of land-gift and related divine dialogue).