Shloka 22
Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma
भीष्मजीने कहा--भारत! मनुष्योंके हितसे सम्बन्ध रखनेवाला जो कोई भी कर्म है, वह व्यवस्थाके लिये देखा जाता है। समस्त विचारवान् पुरुष एकत्र होकर जब यह विचार कर लें कि “अमुक कन्या अमुक पुरुषको देनी चाहिये” तो यह व्यवस्था ही विवाहका निश्चय करनेवाली होती है। जो झूठ बोलकर इस व्यवस्थाको उलट देता है, वह पापका भागी होता है।। भार्यापत्यृत्रिगाचार्या: शिष्योपाध्याय एव च । मृषोक्ते दण्डमर्हन्ति नेत्याहुरपरे जना:,भार्या, पति, ऋत्विज, आचार्य, शिष्य और उपाध्याय भी यदि उपर्युक्त व्यवस्थाके विरुद्ध झूठ बोलें तो दण्डके भागी होते हैं। परंतु दूसरे लोग उन्हें दण्डके भागी नहीं मानते हैं
bhīṣma uvāca | bhāryā patyṛtvijācāryāḥ śiṣyopādhyāya eva ca | mṛṣokte daṇḍam arhanti nety āhur apare janāḥ ||
Bhishma said: “O Bharata, whatever act bears upon human welfare is examined with a view to the settled order. When all prudent men assemble and conclude, ‘Such a maiden should be given to such a man,’ that very settlement determines the marriage. He who, by falsehood, overturns that settlement becomes a sharer in sin. A wife, a husband, a sacrificial priest (ṛtvij), a teacher (ācārya), a student, and an instructor (upādhyāya)—if any of these speak falsely against that order—are held to deserve punishment; yet others maintain that such persons are not to be punished for it.”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
False speech is ethically serious because it disrupts dharma and social arrangements meant for human welfare; therefore even socially respected roles (spouses, priests, teachers, students) can be liable to punishment for lying—though Bhishma notes that some authorities dispute this liability.
In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma, he discusses accountability for speech and conduct. He lists key social and religious roles and states that if they lie, they deserve punishment, while also recording an alternative opinion that exempts them.