Shloka 13

Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma

Devanagari script

अपत्यजन्म शूद्रायां न प्रशंसन्ति साधव: । शूद्रायां जनयन्‌ वि्र: प्रायश्चित्ती विधीयते

Transliteration

apatyajanma śūdrāyāṁ na praśaṁsanti sādhavaḥ | śūdrāyāṁ janayan vipraḥ prāyaścittī vidhīyate ||

Translation

Bhīṣma said: “The virtuous do not commend the begetting of offspring through a Śūdra woman. If a brāhmaṇa fathers a child in a Śūdra woman, an act of expiation is prescribed for him.”

Word by Word

• अपत्यजन्म: birth of offspring
• अपत्यजन्म: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अपत्य-जन्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• शूद्रायाम्: in/with a Śūdra woman
• शूद्रायाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूद्रा
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• प्रशंसन्ति: praise/approve
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-शंस्
• Form: Present, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• साधवः: the good/virtuous people
• साधवः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: साधु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• शूद्रायाम्: in/with a Śūdra woman
• शूद्रायाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: शूद्रा
• Form: Feminine, Locative, Singular

• जनयन्: begetting/producing
• जनयन्: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन्
• Form: Present active (Parasmaipada), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विप्रः: a Brāhmaṇa
• विप्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विप्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• प्रायश्चित्ती: one who must perform expiation
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रायश्चित्तिन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विधीयते: is prescribed/ordained
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-धा
• Form: Present, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada (Passive)

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• vipra (brāhmaṇa)
• śūdrā (Śūdra woman)
• sādhavaḥ (the virtuous)