Shloka 11

यह पाँच प्रकारका दान पुण्य और कीर्तिको बढ़ानेवाला है। यथाशक्ति सबको दान देना चाहिये। ऐसा प्रजापतिका कथन है

etad dānaṁ pañcavidhaṁ puṇya-kīrti-vivardhanam | yathāśakti sarvebhyo dānaṁ dātavyam | iti prajāpateḥ vacanam |

Bhishma said: “This fivefold form of giving increases both merit and good renown. One should give to all according to one’s capacity—such is the teaching attributed to Prajapati.”

idamthis
idam:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootidam
Formneuter, nominative, singular
pañcafive
pañca:
Karta
TypeNumeral
Rootpañca
Formneuter, nominative, singular
prakāramkind/type (as: of five kinds)
prakāram:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootprakāra
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
dānamgift/charity
dānam:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootdāna
Formneuter, nominative, singular
puṇyaof merit/virtue
puṇya:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootpuṇya
Formneuter, genitive, singular
kīrteḥof fame
kīrteḥ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootkīrti
Formfeminine, genitive, singular
vardhanamincrease/promoter
vardhanam:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootvardhana
Formneuter, nominative, singular
astiis
asti:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootas
Formpresent, third, singular
yathāśaktiaccording to one's ability
yathāśakti:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā-śakti
sarvebhyaḥto all
sarvebhyaḥ:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootsarva
Formmasculine, dative, plural
dātavyamshould be given
dātavyam:
Karma
TypeVerb
Root
Formgerundive (tavya), neuter, nominative, singular
itithus
iti:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti
prajāpateḥof Prajāpati
prajāpateḥ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootprajāpati
Formmasculine, genitive, singular
vacanamstatement/utterance
vacanam:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootvacana
Formneuter, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
P
Prajapati

Educational Q&A

Charity, especially understood as a fivefold discipline of giving, is praised as a means to increase both spiritual merit (puṇya) and honorable reputation (kīrti). One should give in proportion to one’s means (yathāśakti), making generosity sustainable and broadly inclusive.

In the Anushasana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma continues advising Yudhishthira on righteous conduct. Here he emphasizes the value of structured charity and supports it by citing Prajapati as an authoritative source.