Shloka 156

Devanagari script

एतद्‌ यशस्यमायुष्य॑ स्वर्ग्य स्वस्त्ययनं महत्‌ | अनुकम्प्य सर्ववर्णान्‌ ब्रह्मणा समुदाह्॒तम्‌,पूर्वकालमें सब वर्णोके लोगोंपर दया करके ब्रह्माजीने यह सदाचार धर्मका उपदेश दिया था। यह यश, आयु और स्वर्गकी प्राप्ति करानेवाला तथा कल्याणका परम आधार है

Translation

Bhishma said: “In ancient times, Brahmā, moved by compassion for all the varnas, proclaimed this teaching of dharma—right conduct. It bestows fame, longevity, and heaven, and stands as the supreme foundation of well-being.”

Word by Word

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• यशस्यम्: bringing fame
• यशस्यम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: यशस्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• आयुष्यम्: promoting long life
• आयुष्यम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आयुष्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• स्वर्ग्यम्: leading to heaven
• स्वर्ग्यम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्वर्ग्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• स्वस्त्ययनम्: path/means to welfare
• स्वस्त्ययनम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्वस्त्ययन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• महत्: great
• महत्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महत्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अनुकम्प्य: having compassion (on)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनुकम्प्
• Form: ल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund), having shown compassion / having compassionately considered

• सर्ववर्णान्: all the varnas/classes
• सर्ववर्णान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्ववर्ण
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• ब्रह्मणा: by Brahmā
• ब्रह्मणा: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ब्रह्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• समुदाहृतम्: was proclaimed/uttered
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-उद्-आ-हृ
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular, Passive (PPP)

• पूर्वकाले: in former times
• पूर्वकाले: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पूर्वकाल
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच