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Shloka 10

Śukra’s Ultimatum and Devayānī’s Demand (शुक्र-प्रतिज्ञा तथा देवयानी-वर-याचना)

त्रयोदशानां पत्नीनां या तु दाक्षायणी वरा । मारीच: कश्यपस्त्वस्यामादित्यानू समजीजनत्‌,धन्यं यशस्यमायुष्यं कीर्तयिष्यामि तेडनघ । वैशम्पायनजी कहते हैं--निष्पाप जनमेजय! अब मैं दक्ष प्रजापति, वैवस्वत मनु, भरत, कुरु, पूर, अजमीढ, यादव, कौरव तथा भरतवंशियोंकी कुल-परम्पराका तुमसे वर्णन करूँगा। उनका कुल परम पवित्र, महान्‌ मंगलकारी तथा धन, यश और आयुकी प्राप्ति करानेवाला है मरीचिनन्दन कश्यपने अपनी तेरह पत्नियोंमेंसे जो सबसे बड़ी दक्ष-कन्या अदिति थीं, उनके गर्भसे इन्द्र आदि बारह आदित्योंको जन्म दिया, जो बड़े पराक्रमी थे। तदनन्तर उन्होंने अदितिसे ही विवस्वान्‌को उत्पन्न किया। विवस्वानके पुत्र यम हुए, जो वैवस्वत कहलाते हैं। वे समस्त प्राणियोंके नियन्ता हैं

vaiśampāyana uvāca |

trayodaśānāṃ patnīnāṃ yā tu dākṣāyaṇī varā |

marīcaḥ kaśyapas tv asyām ādityān samajījanat ||

Vaiśampāyana said: Of Kaśyapa’s thirteen wives, the foremost was the daughter of Dakṣa, Aditi. Through her, Marīci’s son Kaśyapa begot the Ādityas. The passage frames this genealogy as auspicious to hear and remember, presenting the divine lineage as a source of merit, fame, and longevity, and as the sacred backdrop for later royal and ethical histories.

त्रयोदशानाम्of thirteen
त्रयोदशानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootत्रयोदश
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
पत्नीनाम्of wives
पत्नीनाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootपत्नी
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
याwho
या:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
दाक्षायणीDaksha's daughter (Aditi)
दाक्षायणी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदाक्षायणी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वराexcellent, best
वरा:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootवर
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
मारीचःMarichi
मारीचः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमारीच
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कश्यपःKashyapa
कश्यपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकश्यप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुindeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
अस्याम्in her
अस्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
आदित्यान्the Adityas
आदित्यान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआदित्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
indeed (emphatic particle)
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
समजीजनत्begot/produced
समजीजनत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + जन्
FormImperfect (Lan), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
K
Kaśyapa
M
Marīci
D
Dakṣa
A
Aditi
Ā
Ādityas

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the Mahābhārata’s ethical framing of genealogy: remembering sacred lineages is presented as spiritually beneficial and as a way to situate later human dharma within a larger cosmic and ancestral order.

Vaiśampāyana begins a genealogical account and states that Kaśyapa, son of Marīci, begot the Ādityas through his foremost wife Aditi, the daughter of Dakṣa.