Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 56

कच-देवयानी संवादः

Kaca–Devayānī Dialogue and the Curse on Vidyā

अग्निके समान तेजस्वी महर्षि विश्वामित्रके देखते-देखते वहाँ यह घटना घटित हुई। वह अनिन्द्य सुन्दरी विषम परिस्थितिमें पड़ गयी थी और घबराकर वस्त्र लेनेकी इच्छा कर रही थी। उसका रूप-सौन्दर्य अवर्णनीय था। तरुणावस्था भी अद्भुत थी। उस सुन्दरी अप्सराको मुनिवर विश्वामित्रने वहाँ नंगी देख लिया

agnike samāna tejasvī maharṣi viśvāmitrake dekhate-dekhate tatra iyaṃ ghaṭanā ghaṭitā. sā anindyā sundarī viṣama paristhitim̐ paṛa gayī thī aur ghabarākar vastra lenekī icchā kara rahī thī. tasyā rūpa-saundarya avarṇanīya thā. taruṇāvasthā bhī adbhuta thī. tāṃ sundarīm apsarāṃ munivar viśvāmitreṇa tatra nagnī dṛṣṭā.

Kaṇva said: Before the very eyes of the radiant sage Viśvāmitra—whose splendor was like fire—this incident occurred. An irreproachable and beautiful apsaras found herself in a difficult predicament; frightened, she sought to obtain clothing. Her beauty was beyond description, and her youthful bloom was extraordinary. In that place, the eminent sage Viśvāmitra saw the lovely apsaras unclothed.

अग्निकेof Agni (fire-god)
अग्निके:
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
समानequal to, like
समान:
TypeAdjective
Rootसमान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेजस्वीradiant, powerful
तेजस्वी:
TypeAdjective
Rootतेजस्विन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महर्षिgreat sage
महर्षि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहर्षि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विश्वामित्रकेof Viśvāmitra
विश्वामित्रके:
TypeNoun
Rootविश्वामित्र
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
देखते-देखतेwhile looking; before (his) very eyes
देखते-देखते:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदृश्
Formreduplicated gerundial usage; equivalent to 'पश्यतः पश्यतः' / 'दृष्ट्वा दृष्ट्वा' in sense 'while (he) was looking / before the eyes'
वहाँthere
वहाँ:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
यहthis
यह:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
घटनाevent, incident
घटना:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootघटना
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
घटितhappened, occurred
घटित:
TypeVerb
Rootघट्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
हुईwas/occurred (aux.)
हुई:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPast (Hindi auxiliary; Sanskrit equivalent would be 'अभवत्'), 3rd, Singular
वहshe
वह:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootसः/सा/तत्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अनिन्द्यblameless, faultless
अनिन्द्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootअनिन्द्य
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सुन्दरीbeautiful woman
सुन्दरी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुन्दरी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
विषमdifficult, adverse
विषम:
TypeAdjective
Rootविषम
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
परिस्थितिमेंin a situation/condition
परिस्थितिमें:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपरिस्थिति
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
पड़having fallen into (having got into)
पड़:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormHindi verb-stem; Sanskrit equivalent sense 'पतिता/आपन्ना' (fallen into/entered)
गयीwent/ended up (aux.)
गयी:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPast (Hindi auxiliary; Sanskrit equivalent would be 'अगच्छत्/जगाम'), 3rd, Singular
थीwas
थी:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPast (Hindi copula; Sanskrit equivalent 'आसीत्'), 3rd, Singular
औरand
और:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
घबराकरbeing frightened; in panic
घबराकर:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभ्रम्/त्रस्
FormHindi absolutive; Sanskrit equivalent 'त्रस्त्वा/विह्वल्य'
वस्त्रclothes, garments
वस्त्र:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवस्त्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
लेनेकीto take (for taking)
लेनेकी:
TypeVerb
Rootलॄ/लभ्
FormHindi infinitive/gerundive construction; Sanskrit equivalent 'ग्रहणाय' / 'आदातुम्'
इच्छाdesire, wish
इच्छा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइच्छा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
करdoing/making
कर:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormHindi light-verb; Sanskrit equivalent 'कृत्वा/अकरोत्' depending on syntax
रहीwas (continuing to)
रही:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था/वृत्
FormImperfective (Hindi periphrasis; Sanskrit equivalent 'आसीत्' with present participle), 3rd, Singular
थीwas
थी:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPast (Hindi copula; Sanskrit equivalent 'आसीत्'), 3rd, Singular
उसकाher
उसका:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
रूप-सौन्दर्यform and beauty
रूप-सौन्दर्य:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरूप + सौन्दर्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अवर्णनीयindescribable
अवर्णनीय:
TypeAdjective
Rootअवर्णनीय
Formअनीयर्/यत् (gerundive sense), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
थाwas
था:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPast (Hindi copula; Sanskrit equivalent 'आसीत्'), 3rd, Singular
तरुणावस्थाyouth (state of being young)
तरुणावस्था:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतरुण + अवस्था
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
भीalso, even
भी:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अद्भुतwonderful, marvelous
अद्भुत:
TypeAdjective
Rootअद्भुत
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
थीwas
थी:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPast (Hindi copula; Sanskrit equivalent 'आसीत्'), 3rd, Singular
उसof that (her)
उस:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
सुन्दरीof the beautiful woman
सुन्दरी:
TypeNoun
Rootसुन्दरी
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
अप्सराकोapsaras (celestial nymph)
अप्सराको:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअप्सरा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
मुनिवरbest of sages
मुनिवर:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि + वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विश्वामित्रनेby Viśvāmitra
विश्वामित्रने:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविश्वामित्र
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
वहाँthere
वहाँ:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
नंगीnaked
नंगी:
TypeAdjective
Rootनग्न
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
देखhaving seen
देख:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormHindi conjunctive participle; Sanskrit equivalent 'दृष्ट्वा'
लियाsaw (completed action)
लिया:
TypeVerb
Rootलॄ/ग्रह्
FormPast (Hindi perfective; Sanskrit equivalent 'अपश्यत्'), 3rd, Singular

कण्व उवाच

कण्व (Kaṇva)
विश्वामित्र (Viśvāmitra)
अग्नि (Agni)
अप्सरा (apsaras)

Educational Q&A

The passage frames an ethically sensitive encounter to highlight dharma in situations of vulnerability: the need for modesty and protection for one in distress, and the testing of a sage’s self-restraint when confronted with unexpected sensual stimuli.

Kaṇva narrates that a blameless, beautiful apsaras, caught in a difficult situation and seeking clothing, is seen unclothed by the radiant sage Viśvāmitra—setting up a moment of tension involving desire, restraint, and moral conduct.