Shloka 198
अनुक्रमणिकाध्यायः (Anukramaṇikā Adhyāya) — Invocation, Narrator Frame, and Textual Scope
Devanagari script
यदा द्रोण: कृतवर्मा कृपश्न कर्णो द्रौणिर्मद्रराजश्व शूर: । अमर्षयन् सैन्धवं वध्यमानं तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय,जब मैंने सुना कि द्रोणाचार्य, कृतवर्मा, कृपाचार्य, कर्ण और अभश्वत्थामा तथा वीर शल्यने भी सिन्धुराज जयद्रथका वध सह लिया, प्रतीकार नहीं किया। संजय! तभी मैंने विजयकी आशा छोड़ दी
Translation
When I heard that Droṇa, Kṛtavarmā, Kṛpa, Karṇa, Droṇa’s son (Aśvatthāmā), and the valiant Śalya, king of Madra, endured the slaying of Saindhava (Jayadratha) without mounting a counterstroke or coming to his rescue—then, Sañjaya, I abandoned all hope of victory.
Word by Word
यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
द्रोणःDrona
द्रोणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृतवर्माKritavarman
कृतवर्मा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृतवर्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृपःKripa
कृपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
कर्णःKarna
कर्णः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्रौणिःDrauni (Ashvatthaman)
द्रौणिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्रौणि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मद्रराजःking of Madra (Shalya)
मद्रराजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमद्रराज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
शूरःthe hero/brave one
शूरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशूर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अमर्षयन्they endured/tolerated
अमर्षयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootमृष्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada, 4 (divādi), with prefix a- (imperfect augment)
सैन्धवम्the Sindhu-king (Jayadratha)
सैन्धवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्धव
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वध्यमानम्being slain
वध्यमानम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootवध्यमान
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular, present passive participle of √वध्
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
आशंसेI hoped/expected
आशंसे:
TypeVerb
Root√शंस्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), First, Singular, Ātmanepada, 1 (bhvādi), आ-
विजयायfor victory
विजयाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootविजय
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
संजयO Sanjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Cross References
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes