HomeMahabharataAdi ParvaAdhyaya 1Shloka 196

Shloka 196

यदाश्रौष॑ नागबलै: सुदुःसहं द्रोणानीक॑ युयुधानं प्रमथ्य । यात॑ वार्ष्णेयं यत्र तौ कृष्णपार्थो तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय,जब मैंने सुना कि वृष्णिवंशावतंस युयुधान--सात्यकिने अकेले ही द्रोणाचार्यकी उस सेनाको, जिसका सामना हाथियोंकी सेना भी नहीं कर सकती थी, तितर-बितर और तहस-नहस कर दिया तथा श्रीकृष्ण और अर्जुनके पास पहुँच गये। संजय! तभीसे मेरे लिये विजयकी आशा असम्भव हो गयी

yadāśrauṣa nāgabalaiḥ suduḥsahaṃ droṇānīkaṃ yuyudhānaṃ pramathya | yātaṃ vārṣṇeyaṃ yatra tau kṛṣṇapārthau tadā nāśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya ||

When I heard that Yuyudhāna (Sātyaki), a scion of the Vṛṣṇis, had single-handedly shattered the Drona-led battle-formation—so formidable that even an elephant-force could scarcely withstand it—and had then reached the place where Kṛṣṇa and Pārtha (Arjuna) stood, then, Sañjaya, I could no longer hold any hope of victory.

यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
Formtemporal adverb
अश्रौषम्I heard
अश्रौषम्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormAorist (luṅ), 1st person, singular, Parasmaipada
नागबलैःby elephant-forces
नागबलैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनागबल
Formneuter, instrumental, plural
सुदुःसहम्very hard to withstand
सुदुःसहम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदुःसह
Formneuter, accusative, singular
द्रोणानीकम्Drona's army/host
द्रोणानीकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्रोणानीक
Formneuter, accusative, singular
युयुधानम्Yuyudhana (Satyaki)
युयुधानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयुयुधान
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
प्रमथ्यhaving crushed/overpowered
प्रमथ्य:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-मथ्
Formabsolutive (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय), indeclinable
यातःhaving gone / went
यातः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootया
Formpast passive participle (क्त), masculine, nominative, singular
वार्ष्णेयम्the Vārṣṇeya (Krishna)
वार्ष्णेयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवार्ष्णेय
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र
Formlocative adverb
तौthose two (them both)
तौ:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, accusative, dual
कृष्णपार्थौKrishna and Partha (Arjuna)
कृष्णपार्थौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण + पार्थ
Formmasculine, nominative, dual
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
Formtemporal adverb
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formnegation
आशंसेI hope/expect
आशंसे:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootआ-शंस्
FormPresent, 1st person, singular, Ātmanepada
विजयायfor victory
विजयाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootविजय
Formmasculine, dative, singular
संजयO Sanjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
Y
Yuyudhāna (Sātyaki)
D
Droṇa (Dronācārya)
K
Kṛṣṇa
P
Pārtha (Arjuna)
S
Sañjaya
V
Vṛṣṇi lineage
E
Elephant-force (nāga-bala)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how decisive courage and disciplined action can overturn even seemingly invincible power, and how inner confidence (or its loss) shapes outcomes in conflict. Ethically, it implies that mere might and imposing formations are fragile when opposed by resolute warriors aligned with righteous leadership and clear purpose.

A speaker reports hearing that Yuyudhāna (Sātyaki) has smashed through Droṇa’s formidable battle-force—one that even elephant troops could hardly face—and has successfully reached Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna. This news causes the speaker to abandon hope of victory, indicating a turning point in morale.