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Shloka 51

Prāyaścitta for Mahāpātakas: Liquor, Theft, Sexual Transgression, Contact with the Fallen, and Homicide

पयः पिबेत् त्रिरात्रं तु श्वानं हत्वा सुयन्त्रितः / मार्जारं वाथ नकुलं योजनं वाध्वनो व्रजेत् / कृच्छ्रं द्वादशरात्रं तु कुर्यादश्ववधे द्विजः

payaḥ pibet trirātraṃ tu śvānaṃ hatvā suyantritaḥ / mārjāraṃ vātha nakulaṃ yojanaṃ vādhvano vrajet / kṛcchraṃ dvādaśarātraṃ tu kuryādaśvavadhe dvijaḥ

Having killed a dog, a person—well-restrained—should subsist on milk for three nights. Having killed a cat or a mongoose, one should travel a yojana on foot. But in the case of killing a horse, a twice-born man should perform the kṛcchra penance for twelve nights.

payaḥmilk
payaḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpayas (पयस् प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā vibhakti (2nd), Ekavacana
pibetshould drink
pibet:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpā (पा धातु)
FormVidhi-liṅ (optative), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada
trirātramfor three nights
trirātram:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण; duration)
TypeNoun
Roottrirātra (त्रिरात्र प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana; dvigu-samāsa: tri + rātra (three nights) used adverbially as duration
tuindeed/but
tu:
Sambandha-sūcaka (सम्बन्धसूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (तु अव्यय)
FormAvadhāraṇa/virodha-nipāta (particle: but/indeed)
śvānāmdog
śvānām:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśvan (श्वन् प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana
hatvāhaving killed
hatvā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (prior action)
TypeVerb
Roothan (हन् धातु)
FormKtvā (क्त्वा) absolutive/gerund
suyantritaḥwell-controlled
suyantritaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsu-yantrita (सुयन्त्रित प्रातिपदिक; from yantr (यन्त्र्/यम्) with upasarga su-)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā vibhakti, Ekavacana; past participle (क्त) used adjectivally; su + yantrita = well-restrained
mārjāramcat
mārjāram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmārjāra (मार्जार प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana
or
:
Sambandha-sūcaka (सम्बन्धसूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (वा अव्यय)
FormVikalpa-nipāta (disjunctive particle)
athathen
atha:
Sambandha-sūcaka (सम्बन्धसूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अथ अव्यय)
FormAnantarya/ārambha-nipāta (then/now)
nakulammongoose
nakulam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootnakula (नकुल प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana
yojanama yojana (distance)
yojanam:
Deśa-adhikaraṇa (देश-अधिकरण; extent)
TypeNoun
Rootyojana (योजन प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana; measure of distance; used as extent
or
:
Sambandha-sūcaka (सम्बन्धसूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (वा अव्यय)
FormVikalpa-nipāta (or)
adhvanaḥof the road/way
adhvanaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootadhvan (अध्वन् प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Ṣaṣṭhī vibhakti (6th), Ekavacana; genitive of measure/extent
vrajetshould go/travel
vrajet:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvraj (व्रज् धातु)
FormVidhi-liṅ (optative), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; parasmaipada
kṛcchramKṛcchra penance
kṛcchram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛcchra (कृच्छ्र प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana; name of a penance
dvādaśarātramfor twelve nights
dvādaśarātram:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण; duration)
TypeNoun
Rootdvādaśarātra (द्वादशरात्र प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Dvitīyā vibhakti, Ekavacana; dvigu: dvādaśa + rātra (twelve nights) duration
tuindeed
tu:
Sambandha-sūcaka (सम्बन्धसूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (तु अव्यय)
FormParticle (emphasis/contrast)
kuryātshould perform
kuryāt:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkṛ (कृ धातु)
FormVidhi-liṅ (optative), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana
aśvavadhein the case of killing a horse
aśvavadhe:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootaśvavadha (अश्ववध प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Saptamī vibhakti (7th), Ekavacana; samāsa: aśva + vadha (killing of a horse)
dvijaḥa twice-born man
dvijaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija (द्विज प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā vibhakti, Ekavacana

Vyasa (narratorial Dharma-instruction in Purāṇic discourse)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

D
Dvija
K
Kṛcchra (penance)
Y
Yojana (measure)

FAQs

It does not directly teach Ātman-metaphysics; it frames dharma through prāyaścitta, implying that self-discipline (saṃyama) and ethical accountability purify the doer and reduce karmic obstruction to higher knowledge.

The verse emphasizes saṃyama (restraint) and regulated austerity (kṛcchra), which function as preparatory disciplines—ethical and bodily regulation—supporting later yogic practice by cultivating control over appetite, conduct, and remorse.

It does not explicitly mention Śiva or Viṣṇu; its contribution to the Purāṇa’s synthesis is indirect—establishing dharmic purification and restraint as a shared foundation for both Śaiva (e.g., Pāśupata) and Vaiṣṇava spiritual paths.