Shloka 31
An exposition of varṇa-dharma as taught by Yājñavalkya
वार्धक्ये रक्षते पुत्रो ह्यन्यथा ज्ञातयस्तथा / पतिं विना न तिष्ठेत्तु दिवा वा यदि वा निशि
vārdhakye rakṣate putro hyanyathā jñātayastathā / patiṃ vinā na tiṣṭhettu divā vā yadi vā niśi
In old age, it is the son who protects; otherwise, the kinsmen do so. A woman, however, should not remain without her husband—whether by day or by night.
Lord Viṣṇu (in dialogue instruction to Garuḍa)
Concept: Putra-dharma (duty of the son) to protect in old age; kinship support as fallback; prescriptive spousal dependence norm.
Vedantic Theme: Fulfilling relational duties (ṛṇa) as part of dharma that stabilizes society and reduces suffering.
Application: Plan eldercare as a family responsibility with wider kin/community support; ensure safety and companionship for vulnerable members.
Primary Rasa: karuna
Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka
Type: household
Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.95 (family protection duties)
FAQs
This verse frames elder-care as a dharmic duty: the son is the primary protector, and in his absence the wider family must provide support.
It does not directly describe the soul’s journey; instead, it establishes household dharma, which the Garuda Purana treats as foundational for merit (puṇya) and ethical order.
Ensure reliable care and safety for aging parents through direct responsibility or coordinated family support, treating elder-care as an ethical obligation.