Shloka 40

Devanagari script

अदित्यां कश्यपाच्चैव सूर्या द्वादश जज्ञिरे / विष्णुः शक्रोर्ऽय्यमा धाता त्वष्टा पूषा तथैव च

Transliteration

adityāṃ kaśyapāccaiva sūryā dvādaśa jajñire / viṣṇuḥ śakror'yyamā dhātā tvaṣṭā pūṣā tathaiva ca

Translation

From Aditi and Kaśyapa were born the twelve solar deities (Ādityas): Viṣṇu, Śakra (Indra), Aryamā, Dhātā, Tvaṣṭā, and Pūṣan as well.

Word by Word

• अदित्याम्: in Aditi / from Aditi (context: in her womb)
• अदित्याम्: Adhikarana (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अदिति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन

• कश्यपात्: from Kaśyapa
• कश्यपात्: Apadana (Source/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कश्यप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed, just
• एव: Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-निपात (particle of emphasis)

• सूर्याः: Sūryas (solar deities/Ādityas)
• सूर्याः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; आदित्य-समूहवाचक

• द्वादश: twelve
• द्वादश: Visheshana (Numeral/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वादश (संख्याप्रातिपदिक)
• Form: संख्याविशेषण; सूर्याः इत्यस्य विशेषण (twelve)

• जज्ञिरे: were born
• जज्ञिरे: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/परोक्ष), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद

• विष्णुः: Viṣṇu
• विष्णुः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्णु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; नाम-गणनायाम्

• शक्रः: Śakra (Indra)
• शक्रः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शक्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• अर्यमा: Aryaman
• अर्यमा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्यमन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; नकारान्त-प्रातिपदिक (अर्यमन्)

• धाता: Dhātā
• धाता: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; ऋकारान्त (धातृ)

• त्वष्टा: Tvaṣṭā
• त्वष्टा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वष्टृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• पूषा: Pūṣā
• पूषा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पूषन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; नकारान्त-प्रातिपदिक (पूषन्)

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (Adverbial/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, प्रकारवाचक (adverb)

• एव: indeed/also
• एव: Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-निपात (particle)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Cosmic functions (solar deities) arise from primordial principles; naming them is a way to understand the structure of time, light, and order.

Vedantic Theme: Hiraṇyagarbha-like cosmic administration through devatā; functional deities as expressions of one cosmic intelligence.

Application: Contemplate daily sunlight/time as sacred order; use the Āditya list in morning remembrance to cultivate discipline and gratitude.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: mythic-genealogical locus

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.6.41 (continuation of Āditya list)

Characters & Entities

• Aditi
• Kashyapa
• Adityas
• Vishnu
• Shakra (Indra)
• Aryama
• Dhata
• Tvasta
• Pusan

FAQs

What is the importance of the Ādityas in the Garuda Purana?

This verse situates key Vedic deities within a genealogical framework—showing the Ādityas as born of Aditi and Kaśyapa—supporting the Purana’s broader cosmology and classification of divine powers.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not directly describe the soul’s post-death journey; instead, it provides cosmological background by naming major solar deities who represent sustaining and ordering principles within the universe.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it as a reference for understanding Purāṇic/Vedic deity classifications and for informed recitation or study—recognizing the Ādityas as embodiments of cosmic order (ṛta) and ethical alignment (dharma).