Shloka 33

Ācāra-Nirṇaya: Varṇa-Āśrama Dharma, Śauca, Snāna, Sandhyā, Japa, Tarpaṇa, and Gṛhastha-Dinacaryā

Devanagari script

द्वितीया च तृतीया च तदर्धा परिकीर्तिता / उपविष्टस्तु विण्मूत्रं कर्तुं यस्तु न विन्दति

Transliteration

dvitīyā ca tṛtīyā ca tadardhā parikīrtitā / upaviṣṭastu viṇmūtraṃ kartuṃ yastu na vindati

Translation

The second and the third (time-spans) are thus taught, and half of that is also mentioned. But one who, even after sitting down, is unable to pass stool or urine is said to be in that condition.

Word by Word

• द्वितीया: the second
• द्वितीया: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वितीय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन; (मृत्तिका) इत्यध्याहृतस्य विशेषणम्

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• तृतीया: the third
• तृतीया: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तृतीय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन; (मृत्तिका) इत्यध्याहृतस्य विशेषणम्

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• तत्: that
• तत्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'that' (referring to previous measure)

• अर्धा: half (of that)
• अर्धा: Karma (Predicate complement/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अर्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन; 'half' (as predicate adjective)

• परिकीर्तिता: is proclaimed
• परिकीर्तिता: Karma (Predicate complement/विधेय)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि + कीर्त् (धातु) + त (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृदन्त-भूतकर्मणि (past passive participle); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगे 'is declared'

• उपविष्टः: (one) seated
• उपविष्टः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उप + विश् (धातु) + क्त (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: कृदन्त-भूतकृत् (past active participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तरि—'having sat down'

• तु: indeed/but
• तु: Sambandha (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle); विशेषार्थे (indeed/but)

• विण्मूत्रम्: feces and urine
• विण्मूत्रम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विट् (प्रातिपदिक) + मूत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया, एकवचन; द्वन्द्वसमासः (विट् + मूत्र) समाहार-द्वन्द्वः

• कर्तुम्: to do (evacuate)
• कर्तुम्: Prayojana (Purpose/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) + तुमुन् (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: तुमुनन्त-क्रियार्थक-इन्फिनिटिव (infinitive); 'to do/make'

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा, एकवचन; सम्बन्धक-यः (relative pronoun)

• तु: indeed
• तु: Sambandha (Discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-निपात (negation)

• विन्दति: finds/gets (a place/opportunity)
• विन्दति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: विद्/विन्द् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present/वर्तमान); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Vata

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Śauca rules include proportional measures and acknowledge cases where elimination does not occur despite effort.

Vedantic Theme: Deha-dharma as an instrument: bodily processes are managed without obsession, supporting steadiness (samatā).

Application: Apply the stated proportional rule (second/third and half thereof) and recognize the special condition when one cannot pass stool/urine even after sitting—adjusting śauca accordingly per the surrounding injunctions.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: latrine/cleansing area within household or āśrama

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.213.32 (mṛttikā measures); Garuda Purana 1.213.34 (half/quarter śauca timing); Garuda Purana 1.213.35-36 (afflicted person; list of impurities)

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of this teaching in Garuda Purana?

It frames a practical dharma guideline by defining a bodily condition through clear signs, supporting ritual purity and correct daily conduct.

How does this verse relate to the Garuda Purana’s broader message?

While the Garuda Purana is famous for afterlife teachings, it also preserves Ācāra (conduct) instructions; this verse belongs to that practical layer of dharma focused on bodily regulation and cleanliness.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it as a reminder to maintain health and cleanliness, and to avoid forcing ritual actions when the body is not ready—prioritizing steadiness, hygiene, and responsible practice.