Shloka 11

Āryā-Chandas Lakṣaṇa; Gīti-Bheda; Vaitālīya-Vaktra; Mātrā-to-Varṇa Transition

Devanagari script

उसमे नश्च चपला विपुला लघुसप्तमा / निखिले वा सैतवस्य म्रौ न्तौ चाब्धेस्तत्पूर्वकौ

Transliteration

usame naśca capalā vipulā laghusaptamā / nikhile vā saitavasya mrau ntau cābdhestatpūrvakau

Translation

Among them are (streams) named Naś, Capalā, Vipulā, and the seventh called Laghusaptamā. Likewise, taken in full, there are Saitava, and also Mrau and Ntau; these streams mentioned earlier are joined to the ocean.

Word by Word

• उसमे: in ‘usama’ (a metrical condition/name)
• उसमे: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उसम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; छन्दः/गण-परिभाषा-शब्दः (पाठभेदसम्भवः)

• नः: of us/our
• नः: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय-निपातः (conjunction)

• चपला: (metre) Capalā
• चपला: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चपला (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; छन्दोनाम

• विपुला: (metre) Vipulā
• विपुला: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विपुला (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; छन्दोनाम

• लघुसप्तमा: (metre) Laghusaptamā
• लघुसप्तमा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लघु + सप्तमा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; कर्मधारयसमासः (लघुः सप्तमा)

• निखिले: in the whole/entire (set)
• निखिले: Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निखिल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; विशेषणम्

• वा: or
• वा: Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; विकल्प-निपातः (disjunctive/optional)

• सैतवस्य: of Saitava (metre)
• सैतवस्य: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सैतव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; छन्दोनाम

• म्रौ: ‘mra’ gaṇa
• म्रौ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: म्र (गणनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; छन्दः-गणसंकेत-रूपम् (औ-प्रत्ययान्त)

• न्तौ: the two ‘nta’ (gaṇas/positions)
• न्तौ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: न्त (गणनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन; छन्दः-गणसंकेत

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Conjunction/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय-निपातः

• अब्देः: of the year / of ‘abda’ (term)
• अब्देः: Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अब्द (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• तत्पूर्वकौ: preceded by that
• तत्पूर्वकौ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तद् + पूर्वक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), द्विवचन; तत्पुरुषसमासः (तत्-पूर्वकौ = तेन पूर्वकौ)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Enumeration and grouping: named entities are listed and then related to a larger whole (ocean) as their terminus/connection.

Vedantic Theme: anekatva-to-ekatva (many-to-one integration) as a cognitive motif: particulars subsumed into a totality.

Application: Use grouping to remember lists: learn the named set, then anchor them by their shared relation (all ‘connected with the ocean’/a common endpoint).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: rivers/streams (as named entities)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.208.12

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda
• Ocean (Samudra)

FAQs

What is the importance of listing rivers and regions in the Garuda Purana?

This verse contributes to the Purana’s sacred geography, mapping named waterways and their relation to the ocean, which supports ritual imagination and cosmological orientation in dharma texts.

How does this verse connect to Garuda Purana themes like afterlife and ritual practice?

While this specific verse is geographic, Garuda Purana often uses cosmography to frame dharma and ritual contexts—showing the ordered universe in which rites, merit, and the soul’s journey are understood.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Use it as a reminder of the Purana’s emphasis on an ordered cosmos: approach rites, vows, and ethical living with reverence for sacred space and disciplined conduct (ācāra).