Shloka 23

Pāṇḍu-Śotha Nidāna: Doṣa-wise Signs, Complications, and Prognosis

Devanagari script

सर्वहेतुविशषैस्तु रूपभेदान्नवात्मकम् / दोषैः पृथग्विधैः सर्वैरभिघाताद्विषादपि

Transliteration

sarvahetuviśaṣaistu rūpabhedānnavātmakam / doṣaiḥ pṛthagvidhaiḥ sarvairabhighātādviṣādapi

Translation

Because of the many specific causes and the differing manifestations, swelling is understood to be ninefold in nature—arising from the various doṣas, from all their distinct combinations, and also from injury and from poisoning.

Word by Word

• सर्व: all
• सर्व: Sambandha (Compound member/समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासाङ्ग (compound member)

• हेतु: causes
• हेतु: Sambandha (Compound member/समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हेतु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासाङ्ग

• विशेषैः: by specific (causal) factors
• विशेषैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशेष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-समासः (सर्वहेतु-विशेषैः = by special causes of all kinds)

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/अन्वयार्थक-निपात (particle: 'but/indeed')

• रूप: form
• रूप: Sambandha (Compound member/समासाङ्ग)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: समासाङ्ग

• भेदात्: from variation in form
• भेदात्: Hetu/Apadana (Cause/Source/हेतु/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भेद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (रूपभेदात् = from difference of form)

• नवात्मकम्: ninefold (having nine forms)
• नवात्मकम्: Karma/Predicate (Object/विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नव (प्रातिपदिक) + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (नव आत्मा यस्य = ninefold)

• दोषैः: by doṣas (humors)
• दोषैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दोष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन

• पृथग्विधैः: of various kinds
• पृथग्विधैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पृथक् (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + विध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः (पृथग्विध = of different kinds)

• सर्वैः: by all
• सर्वैः: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; विशेषण (दोषैः)

• अभिघातात्: from injury/trauma
• अभिघातात्: Hetu/Apadana (Cause/Source/हेतु/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अभि + घात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन

• विषादात्: from grief/depression
• विषादात्: Hetu/Apadana (Cause/Source/हेतु/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विषाद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन

• अपि: also/even
• अपि: Sambandha/Connector (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक/सम्भावनार्थक-अव्यय (particle: 'also/even')

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (teaching Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Mixed

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Śotha is ninefold due to diverse hetu and rūpa-bheda: doṣa-specific, doṣa-combinational, plus trauma and viṣa (poison).

Vedantic Theme: Many names/forms (nāma-rūpa) arise from differing causes; discernment classifies appearances to guide right action.

Application: In evaluating swelling, include non-doṣic causes like injury and poisoning; tailor response to etiology rather than treating all edema identically.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.162.21-22 (doṣa mechanism and nicaya); Garuda Purana 1.162.24 (generalized swelling and threefold features)

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of classifying swelling as ninefold in Garuda Purana?

The verse emphasizes diagnosis by cause and appearance, mapping śotha into multiple etiologies—doṣic, combined doṣic, traumatic, and toxic—so treatment can be cause-specific.

How does this verse explain the path of the soul?

It does not address the afterlife narrative; it is a diagnostic teaching within Garuda Purana’s Ayurvedic material, spoken by Vishnu to Garuda.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Do not treat all swelling as the same—consider injury, allergy/toxin exposure, and systemic imbalance, and seek appropriate care based on the suspected cause.