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Shloka 36

Prameha-Nidāna-Lakṣaṇa-Bheda: Etiology, Signs, Varieties, and Complications of Meha

Devanagari script

यो मूत्रयेत तन्महें रक्तपित्तन्तु तद्विदुः / स्वेदो ऽङ्गगान्धः शिथिलत्वमङ्गे श्य्याशनस्वप्नसुखाभिषङ्गः / हृन्नेत्रजिह्वाश्रवणोपदाहा घनोग्रता केशनखाभिवृद्धिः

Transliteration

yo mūtrayeta tanmaheṃ raktapittantu tadviduḥ / svedo 'ṅgagāndhaḥ śithilatvamaṅge śyyāśanasvapnasukhābhiṣaṅgaḥ / hṛnnetrajihvāśravaṇopadāhā ghanogratā keśanakhābhivṛddhiḥ

Translation

One who passes such urine—so the wise declare—has raktapitta, the disorder of blood and pitta. There arise sweating and foul bodily odor, looseness of the limbs, excessive clinging to bed, food, sleep, and pleasures; burning pains in the region of the heart, in the eyes, the tongue, and the ears; heaviness and intense dullness, and abnormal overgrowth of hair and nails.

Word by Word
यःwho
यः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा (कर्ता), एकवचनम् — relative pronoun ‘who’
मूत्रयेतurinates; should pass urine
मूत्रयेत:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootमूत्रय् (धातु; मूत्र-नामधातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (सम्भावना/आज्ञा), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम् — ‘should urinate/passes urine’
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गः, द्वितीया (कर्म), एकवचनम् — ‘that’ (referring to condition)
महेंindeed (textual particle)
महें:
Sambandha (Particle/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमहे (अव्यय/पाठभेद)
Formअव्यय (पाठभेद/निपातवत् प्रयोगः); अर्थतः ‘महे/महेति’ इति सम्भाव्यं — here taken as particle/emphatic
रक्तपित्तम्raktapitta (bleeding disorder)
रक्तपित्तम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootरक्त (प्रातिपदिक) + पित्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय-समासः (रक्तं पित्तम्), नपुंसकलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, एकवचनम् — ‘bloody pitta / raktapitta’
तुindeed; but
तु:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (विरोध/विशेषार्थक निपात) — ‘but/indeed’
तत्that
तत्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, एकवचनम् — ‘that’
विदुःknow; consider
विदुः:
Kriya (Predicate/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकारः (परिपूर्ण/भूतार्थे), परस्मैपदम्, प्रथमपुरुषः, बहुवचनम् — ‘they know/consider’
स्वेदःsweat
स्वेदः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootस्वेद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम् — ‘sweat’
अङ्गगान्धःodor of the body
अङ्गगान्धः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक) + गान्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समासः (अङ्गस्य गान्धः), पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम् — ‘body-odor’
शिथिलत्वम्laxity; looseness
शिथिलत्वम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशिथिलत्व (प्रातिपदिक; भाव)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम् — ‘looseness/relaxation’
अङ्गेin the body/limbs
अङ्गे:
Adhikarana (Locus/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गः, सप्तमी (अधिकरण), एकवचनम् — ‘in the body/limbs’
श्य्याशनस्वप्नसुखाभिषङ्गःcraving for lying/sitting/sleep/pleasure
श्य्याशनस्वप्नसुखाभिषङ्गः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Root(पाठभेद) शय्या (प्रातिपदिक) + आसन (प्रातिपदिक) + स्वप्न (प्रातिपदिक) + सुख (प्रातिपदिक) + अभिषङ्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमाहार-द्वन्द्व/बहुपदसमासः; पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम् — ‘attachment/addiction to bed, seat, sleep, and pleasures’
हृत्heart
हृत्:
Sambandha (Compound member/समासाङ्ग)
TypeNoun
Rootहृत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/स्त्रीलिङ्ग (हृद्), प्रातिपदिक-रूपम्; समासपूर्वपदम् — ‘heart’
नेत्रeye
नेत्र:
Sambandha (Compound member/समासाङ्ग)
TypeNoun
Rootनेत्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गः; समासपूर्वपदम् — ‘eye’
जिह्वाtongue
जिह्वा:
Sambandha (Compound member/समासाङ्ग)
TypeNoun
Rootजिह्वा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गः; समासपूर्वपदम् — ‘tongue’
श्रवणear; hearing
श्रवण:
Sambandha (Compound member/समासाङ्ग)
TypeNoun
Rootश्रवण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गः; समासपूर्वपदम् — ‘hearing/ear’
उपदाहाःburning sensations
उपदाहाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootउपदाह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, बहुवचनम् — ‘burning sensations/irritations’
घनोग्रताintense severity
घनोग्रता:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootघन (प्रातिपदिक) + उग्रता (प्रातिपदिक; भाव)
Formकर्मधारय-समासः (घना उग्रता), स्त्रीलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम् — ‘intense density/severity’
केशनखाभिवृद्धिःovergrowth of hair and nails
केशनखाभिवृद्धिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकेश (प्रातिपदिक) + नख (प्रातिपदिक) + अभिवृद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समासः (केशानां नखानां च अभिवृद्धिः), स्त्रीलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम् — ‘excess growth of hair and nails’
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Unchecked sense-indulgence and negligence lead to bodily decline; discernment (viveka) about symptoms supports right conduct and timely restraint.

Vedantic Theme: Suffering (duḥkha) arising in the body underscores impermanence and motivates dispassion; yet practical care is part of sustaining sādhana.

Application: Recognize systemic red flags (foul sweat/odor, limb laxity, lethargy, burning in heart/eyes/tongue/ears, heaviness, hair/nail overgrowth) and seek diagnosis; moderate pleasures and correct routine.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bibhatsa

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.159.38–39 (doṣa-based causation and prognosis of meha)

Characters & Entities
V
Vishnu
G
Garuda

FAQs

This verse treats raktapitta as a recognizable pathological condition, listing concrete bodily signs so a person can identify imbalance and avoid negligent indulgence that worsens suffering.

Indirectly: by emphasizing bodily disorder and uncontrolled attachment to pleasures, it implies that disciplined living supports dharma, while unchecked indulgence and illness can obstruct spiritual steadiness.

Use the listed signs (burning sensations, foul odor, heaviness, abnormal hair/nail growth, compulsive indulgence) as prompts for self-restraint and timely medical attention, aligning health with dharmic conduct.

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