Shloka 4

Hikkā-nidāna: Causes, Types, and the Grave Yamalā/Veginī Hiccup

Devanagari script

समं सन्ध्यान्नपानेन या प्रयाति च सान्नजा / आयासात्पवनः क्रुद्धः क्षुद्रां हिक्रां प्रवर्तयेत्

Transliteration

samaṃ sandhyānnapānena yā prayāti ca sānnajā / āyāsātpavanaḥ kruddhaḥ kṣudrāṃ hikrāṃ pravartayet

Translation

When one sets out at dusk after taking food and water in equal measure, then, through exertion, vāyu (the vital wind) is aggravated and brings forth a mild hikkā (kṣudrā hiccup).

Word by Word

• समम्: equally/at the same time
• समम्: Kriya-visheshana (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (क्रियाविशेषण)

• सन्ध्या: evening/twilight (time)
• सन्ध्या: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सन्ध्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (समासाङ्ग)

• अन्नपानेन: with food and drink
• अन्नपानेन: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्न (प्रातिपदिक) + पान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन; समासः—द्वन्द्व (food and drink)

• या: which (hiccup)
• या: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• प्रयाति: arises/occurs
• प्रयाति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: या (धातु) + प्र (उपसर्ग)
• Form: लट् (Present/लट्), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction)

• सा: that
• सा: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• अन्नजा: born of food
• अन्नजा: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्न (प्रातिपदिक) + ज (जन् धातु-आधारित प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुष (अन्नात् जाता)

• आयासात्: from exertion
• आयासात्: Apadana (Ablative/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आयास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन

• पवनः: wind (vāta)
• पवनः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पवन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• क्रुद्धः: aggravated/angered
• क्रुद्धः: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुध् (धातु) → क्रुद्ध (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त/भूतकालिक विशेषण (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• क्षुद्राम्: minor
• क्षुद्राम्: Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्षुद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• हिक्राम्: hiccup
• हिक्राम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हिक्रा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• प्रवर्तयेत्: would set in motion/produce
• प्रवर्तयेत्: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृत् (धातु) + प्र (उपसर्ग) + णिच् (causative)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative/विधिलिङ्), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; णिजन्त (causative)

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Vata

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Right timing and measured conduct (especially around sandhyā) supports bodily balance; exertion after intake provokes vāyu and disease.

Vedantic Theme: Harmony (sāmyatā) in embodied life; regulation of activity aligns the microcosm with rhythms of time (kāla).

Application: Avoid strenuous travel/exertion immediately after eating/drinking, particularly at dusk; rest, digest, and keep vāta pacified.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: travel-setting

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: sandhyā-related conduct and health cautions (contextual); Garuda Purana: vāta-prakopa from vyāyāma after meals

FAQs

What is the importance of sandhyā (twilight) discipline in the Garuda Purana?

This verse links twilight travel after eating/drinking with bodily disturbance (aggravated vāyu), reflecting the text’s emphasis on regulated conduct at sandhyā for steadiness of body and mind.

How does this verse explain the role of vāyu in bodily symptoms?

It states that exertion can aggravate pavana (vāyu), and that disturbed vāyu manifests as hikkā (hiccup), using a doṣa-like physiological model common to Purāṇic-Ayurvedic thought.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Avoid strenuous exertion immediately after eating/drinking—especially around dusk—and maintain moderation to reduce vāta-type disturbances such as hiccups.