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Shloka 15

Kāsa-bheda: The Fivefold Classification of Cough and Its Clinical Signs

Devanagari script

क्षीणस्य सासृङ्मूत्रत्वं श्वासपृष्टकटिग्रहः / षायुप्रधानाः कुपिता धावतो राजयक्ष्मणः

Transliteration

kṣīṇasya sāsṛṅmūtratvaṃ śvāsapṛṣṭakaṭigrahaḥ / ṣāyupradhānāḥ kupitā dhāvato rājayakṣmaṇaḥ

Translation

For one who has become emaciated, there is urination mixed with blood, laboured breathing, and stiffness or pain in the back and waist; the bodily winds (vāyus), chiefly disturbed, run violently—this is the condition known as rājayakṣmā (consumption).

Word by Word
क्षीणस्यof the emaciated (person)
क्षीणस्य:
Sambandha (Genitive qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootक्षीण (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; क्षि धातोः)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP)
सासृक्with blood
सासृक्:
Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeAdjective
Rootस (उपसर्ग/सह-अर्थ) + असृक् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभाव-भावे ‘स-’ उपसर्गवत्; समासपूर्वपद ‘स’ = सहित; (in compound)
मूत्रत्वम्urination/urine-condition (urine being …)
मूत्रत्वम्:
Karma/Predicate (Symptom/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमूत्र (प्रातिपदिक) + त्व (तद्धित-प्रत्यय)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तद्धितान्त (त्व) = state/condition
श्वासbreath/breathing
श्वास:
Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootश्वास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, (in compound)
पृष्ठback
पृष्ठ:
Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootपृष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, (in compound)
कटिwaist/hip
कटि:
Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootकटि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, (in compound)
ग्रहःconstriction/rigidity (of breath, back, and waist)
ग्रहः:
Karta/Predicate-noun (Symptom/लक्षण)
TypeNoun
Rootग्रह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; समाहार-तत्पुरुष (श्वास-पृष्ठ-कटि-ग्रहः = constriction/rigidity affecting breathing, back, waist)
स्नायुtendons/nerves
स्नायु:
Sambandha (Qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootस्नायु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, (in compound)
प्रधानाःpredominant (in tendons/nerves)
प्रधानाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रधान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; कर्मधारय (स्नायु-प्रधानाः = whose predominance is of tendons/nerves)
कुपिताःaggravated/deranged
कुपिताः:
Karta (Subject complement/कर्ता-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootकुपित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; कुप् धातोः)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP)
धावतःof one who runs
धावतः:
Sambandha (Genitive qualifier/सम्बन्ध)
TypeVerb
Rootधाव् (धातु)
Formवर्तमान-कृदन्त (शतृ/Present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
राजयक्ष्मणःof consumption (royal disease/tuberculosis)
राजयक्ष्मणः:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootराजयक्ष्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (राज्ञः यक्ष्मा)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in discourse to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Medical Ayurveda

Dosha: Vata

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Naming and discerning a grave condition through lakṣaṇas; confronting mortality through knowledge.

Vedantic Theme: Duhkha-darśana leading to vairāgya; body as kṣetra subject to decay.

Application: Do not ignore wasting and breathlessness; seek treatment; use the awareness of fragility to prioritize dharma and inner discipline.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.149 (rājayakṣmā description continues)

Characters & Entities
V
Vayus (vital airs)
R
Rājayakṣmā

FAQs

This verse lists hallmark signs of rājayakṣmā and frames it as a condition driven by disturbed vital airs (vāyus), showing the text’s diagnostic, Ayurvedic-style approach within the Purana.

Indirectly: by describing severe wasting and disordered vāyus, it highlights how bodily decline affects prāṇa (vital functioning), a key concern in Purāṇic discussions of life, death, and the transition of the subtle body.

Treat the described signs as serious red flags—seek timely medical care, and also adopt disciplined living (diet, rest, breath regulation) to avoid chronic depletion and imbalance.

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