Shloka 18

Nīti-Upadeśa: Discernment, Proper Use of Resources, and Social Strategy

यदि विभवविहीनः प्रच्युतो वाशु दैवान्न तु खलजनसेवां काङ्क्षयेन्नैव नीचाम् / न तृणमदनकार्ये सुक्षुधार्तो ऽत्ति सिंहः पिबति रुधिरमुष्णं प्रायशः कुञ्चराणाम्

yadi vibhavavihīnaḥ pracyuto vāśu daivānna tu khalajanasevāṃ kāṅkṣayennaiva nīcām / na tṛṇamadanakārye sukṣudhārto 'tti siṃhaḥ pibati rudhiramuṣṇaṃ prāyaśaḥ kuñcarāṇām

Even if one becomes bereft of wealth, or is suddenly cast down by fate, one should never desire the service of wicked people—never that which is base. For a lion, though tormented by sharp hunger, does not eat grass for appeasing desire; it usually drinks the warm blood of elephants.

यदिif
यदि:
Sambandha (Condition)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि (अव्यय)
Formसम्बन्ध-निपात (conditional: 'if')
विभवwealth
विभव:
Sambandha (Genitive relation within compound)
TypeNoun
Rootविभव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (stem in compound; 'wealth/power')
विहीनःdeprived
विहीनः:
Visheshana (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootविहीन (कृदन्त; वि+हा धातु, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (विशेषण)
विभवविहीनःdevoid of wealth
विभवविहीनः:
Karta (Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootविभव + विहीन (कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; विभवेन विहीनः (devoid of wealth)
प्रच्युतःfallen from position
प्रच्युतः:
Karta (Subject, in apposition)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रच्युत (कृदन्त; प्र+च्यु धातु, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (fallen/deposed)
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (Conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक-निपात (or)
आशुquickly
आशु:
Kala/Prakara (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआशु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb: quickly)
दैवात्from fate
दैवात्:
Apadana/Hetu (Cause/Source)
TypeNoun
Rootदैव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-एकवचन (हेतु/अपादान: 'from fate')
not
:
Sambandha (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध
तुbut
तु:
Sambandha (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण/विरोध-निपात (but)
खलजनwicked people
खलजन:
Sambandha (Genitive relation within compound)
TypeNoun
Rootखलजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (stem in compound); खलः जनः (wicked person)
सेवाम्service/attendance
सेवाम्:
Karma (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootसेवा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन
खलजनसेवाम्service of wicked people
खलजनसेवाम्:
Karma (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootखलजन + सेवा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन; खलजनस्य सेवा (service of the wicked)
काङ्क्षयेत्should desire
काङ्क्षयेत्:
Kriya (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootकाङ्क्ष् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
not
:
Sambandha (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध
एवcertainly
एव:
Sambandha (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-निपात (certainly)
नीचाम्low/base
नीचाम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootनीच (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन (सेवाम् इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्)
not
:
Sambandha (Negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध
तृणम्grass
तृणम्:
Karma (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतृण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन
अदनeating
अदन:
Sambandha (Genitive relation within compound)
TypeNoun
Rootअदन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (stem in compound; 'eating')
कार्येin the act/matter
कार्ये:
Adhikarana (Locus)
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-एकवचन (अधिकरण: 'in the matter of')
तृणमदनकार्येin eating grass
तृणमदनकार्ये:
Adhikarana (Locus)
TypeNoun
Rootतृण + अदन + कार्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-एकवचन; तृणस्य अदनं तत् कार्यम् (in the business of eating grass)
सुvery
सु:
Sambandha (Prefix)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसु (अव्यय/उपसर्ग)
Formउपसर्ग/अव्यय (intensifier: very)
क्षुधाhunger
क्षुधा:
Sambandha (Genitive relation within compound)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुधा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (stem in compound; hunger)
आर्तःdistressed
आर्तः:
Karta (Subject, in apposition)
TypeAdjective
Rootआर्त (कृदन्त; आ+ऋ धातु, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन (distressed)
सुक्षुधार्तःvery hungry
सुक्षुधार्तः:
Karta (Subject, in apposition)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु + क्षुधा + आर्त (कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन; सु-क्षुधया आर्तः (very hungry/distressed by hunger)
अत्तिeats
अत्ति:
Kriya (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootअद् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
सिंहःlion
सिंहः:
Karta (Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसिंह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-एकवचन
पिबतिdrinks
पिबति:
Kriya (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootपा (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद
रुधिरम्blood
रुधिरम्:
Karma (Object)
TypeNoun
Rootरुधिर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन
उष्णम्hot
उष्णम्:
Visheshana (Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootउष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-एकवचन (रुधिरम् इति विशेष्यस्य विशेषणम्)
प्रायशःgenerally
प्रायशः:
Prakara (Manner adverb)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रायशः (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb: generally/for the most part)
कुञ्चराणाम्of elephants
कुञ्चराणाम्:
Sambandha (Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootकुञ्चर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-बहुवचन

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vainateya, within the Vishnu–Garuda dialogue framework)

Concept: Even in poverty or sudden downfall, do not seek service of the wicked or choose base means; uphold dignity and right conduct under duress.

Vedantic Theme: Titiksha and dharma-sthairya amid prarabdha; choosing sattvic means over rajasic/tamasic compromise.

Application: In crisis, avoid unethical patrons, corrupt work, or exploitative dependence; choose honest livelihood and principled support networks.

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.110 (niti: avoiding bad company, steadfastness, consequences of wicked association)

D
Daiva (fate)
S
Siṃha (lion)
K
Kuñjara (elephant)

FAQs

This verse teaches that even in poverty or misfortune one should not seek support through serving the wicked, because such association degrades one’s dharma and character.

While not describing afterlife mechanics directly, it reinforces the karmic foundation: choices made under pressure—especially whom one serves and associates with—shape moral conduct, which in turn influences one’s karmic outcomes.

In crisis, choose honest work and principled alliances over exploitative or unethical patrons; protect integrity even when circumstances are harsh.