Shloka 3
Viśukra–Viṣaṅga-vadha (The Slaying of Viśukra and Viṣaṅga) — Lalitopākhyāna
Devanagari script
कथं तस्य रणोत्साहः कैः समं समयुध्यत / सहायाः के ऽभवंस्तस्य हतभ्रातृतनूभुवः
Transliteration
kathaṃ tasya raṇotsāhaḥ kaiḥ samaṃ samayudhyata / sahāyāḥ ke 'bhavaṃstasya hatabhrātṛtanūbhuvaḥ
Translation
How was his enthusiasm for war? With whom did he fight? Who were the helpers of him whose brothers and sons were killed?
Word by Word
kathamhow
katham:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkatham (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), interrogative adverb (प्रश्नार्थक क्रियाविशेषण)
tasyaof him
tasya:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular
raṇa-utsāhaḥbattle-ardor
raṇa-utsāhaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (topic)
TypeNoun
Rootraṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + utsāha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; तत्पुरुषः—‘raṇe utsāhaḥ’ (enthusiasm in battle)
kaiḥwith whom
kaiḥ:
Saha/Karaṇa (सह/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन); interrogative ‘by/with whom’
samamtogether
samam:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), adverb ‘together/equally’
samayudhyatafought
samayudhyata:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√yudh (युध् धातु) with prefix sam-
FormImperfect (Laṅ/लङ्), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), 3rd Person, Singular
sahāyāḥallies, companions
sahāyāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (topic)
TypeNoun
Rootsahāya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
kewho
ke:
Karta (कर्ता) (interrogative)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; interrogative pronoun
abhavanwere, became
abhavan:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√bhū (भू धातु)
FormImperfect (Laṅ/लङ्), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person, Plural (बहुवचन)
tasyaof him
tasya:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular
hata-bhrātṛ-tanū-bhuvaḥwhose bodies were as if dead from their brother’s death
hata-bhrātṛ-tanū-bhuvaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) (of sahāyāḥ)
TypeAdjective
Roothata (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त, √han हन् धातु) + bhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक) + tanū (प्रातिपदिक) + bhu (प्रातिपदिक from √bhū)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; बहुव्रीहिः—‘hatabhrātṛṇā tanūbhūḥ yeṣām’ / ‘whose bodies were (as if) slain because their brother was slain’ i.e., ‘those whose very bodies were as if dead due to (their) brother’s death’