Shloka 20
Vaṃśānuvārṇana and the Transition to the Fourth (Upasaṃhāra) Pada
Devanagari script
सुखा ह्येते समाख्याताः सावर्ण्ये प्रथर्मेतरे / मारीचस्यैव ते पुत्राः कश्यपस्य महात्मनः
Transliteration
sukhā hyete samākhyātāḥ sāvarṇye pratharmetare / mārīcasyaiva te putrāḥ kaśyapasya mahātmanaḥ
Translation
In the first interval of Sāvarṇi they are spoken of as the “Sukhās”; they are the sons of the great-souled Kaśyapa, of Marīci’s line.
Word by Word
sukhāḥhappy/fortunate
sukhāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/predicate)
TypeAdjective
Rootsukha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural; predicative adjective for ete
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; particle (निपात)
etethese
ete:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
samākhyātāḥare called/declared
samākhyātāḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/predicative)
TypeAdjective
Rootsam-ā-√khyā (धातु) + ta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural; from √khyā (ख्या) with prefixes sam-ā-
sāvarṇyein Sāvarṇya (period)
sāvarṇye:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/location)
TypeNoun
Rootsāvarṇya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘in (the manvantara of) Sāvarṇya’
prathamein the first
prathame:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootprathama (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular; agrees with sāvarṇye understood as ‘in the first (Sāvarṇya)’
itarethe others
itare:
Karta (कर्ता/subject, implied contrast)
TypeNoun
Rootitara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural; ‘the others’ (others among manvantaras/sets)
mārīcasyaof Mārīca
mārīcasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootmārīca (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular
evaindeed/only
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; emphatic particle (निपात)
tethey
te:
Karta (कर्ता/subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural; pronoun
putrāḥsons
putrāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/predicate nominative)
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
kaśyapasyaof Kaśyapa
kaśyapasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootkaśyapa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
mahātmanaḥof the great-souled
mahātmanaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahātman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular; adjective qualifying kaśyapasya; compound: mahā (great) + ātman (self) → ‘great-souled’